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Part One　The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter One　Geography 1

Section 1　Position,Name and Areas 1

Section 2　Major Cities 2

Section 3　Climate and Environment 2

Questions for Discussion 3

Chapter Two　People 3

Section 1　The People of Britain Today 3

Section 2　A Mixed Race Society 4

Section 3　Class Structure 4

Section 4　Religions 5

Section 5　Character and Manner 7

Section 6　Social Norms and Etiquettes 7

Questions for Discussion 10

Chapter Three　Family 10

Section 1　Changing Values and Norms of the British Family 10

Section 2　Family Patterns 11

Section 3　Family Size 11

Section 4　 Adoptions 12

Section 5　 Marriage 12

Section 6　Divorce 13

Seetion 7 Older People 13

Questions for Discussion 14

Chapter Four　Political System 14

Section 1 The Constitutional Monarch 14

Section 2　Parliament 15

Section 3 Government 16

Section 4　Political Parties 18

Section 5　Election 21

Questions for Discussion 21

Chapter Five National Economy 21

Section 1　General Survey 21

Section 2　Industry 22

Section 3　Agriculture 24

Section 4　Foreign Trade 25

Section 5　Government Expenditure and Taxation 27

Section 6　The Consumer 28

Section 7　Welfare 28

Questions for Discussion 31

Chapter Six　Education 31

Section 1 Educational System 31

Section 2　Different Types of Schools in England 33

Section 3　Higher Education 35

Section 4　Famous Universities 37

Section 5 Other Types of Education 39

Questions for Discussion 40

Chapter Seven　Science and Culture 40

Section 1　Achievements in Science and Technology 40

Section 2　Research and Development in Industry 41

Section 3　Outstanding Culture 43

Section 4　Principal Arts Organizations 44

Section 5　Arts for Everybody 44

Section 6　Museums 46

Questions for Discussion 47

Chapter Eight　British Literature 47

Section 1　The Early Writings 47

Section 2　Elizabethan Drama 49

Section 3　The Nineteenth Century Novel 49

Section 4　The Twentieth Century Literature 51

Questions for Discussion 53

Chapter Nine　History 54

Section 1　The Founding of the Nation 54

Section 2　Transition to the Modern Age 57

Section 3　The Rise and Fall of the British of Empire 60

Questions for Discussion 62

Chapter Ten　Britain and the World 62

Section 1　The Three-Circles 62

Section 2　Britain and America 63

Section 3　Britain and Europe 64

Section 4　Britain and China 65

Questions for Discussion 66

Chapter Eleven　Media and Sports 67

Section 1　Newspapers 67

Section 2　Television,Broadcast and Radio 67

Section 3 Sports and Games 69

Questions for Discussion 72

Chapter Twelve　Festivals and Leisure 72

Section 1　Traditional Festivals 72

Section 2　Leisure Activities 73

Section 3　Public Houses(Pubs)in Britain 76

Questions for Discussion 78

Part Two United States of America 79

Chapter One　Geography 79

Section 1　Location and Size 79

Section 2　Physiographic Regions 79

Section 3　Rivers and Lakes 82

Section 4　Climate and Weather 83

Section 5　Major Cities in the USA 83

Questions for Discussion 85

Chapter Two　History 85

Section 1　Discovering a New World 85

Section 2　The Founding of the 13 Colonies 86

Section 3　The War of Independence 86

Section 4　The Civil War 88

Section 5　Establishing a New Government 89

Questions for Discussion 92

Chapter Three　Political System 92

Section 1　General Principles 92

Section 2　The Three Branches 93

Section 3　Two Parties System 97

Section 4　Relations with China 100

Questions for Discussion 103

Chapter Four　People 103

Section 1 A Nation of Immigrants 103

Section 2　American Way of Life 106

Section 3　Character and Manners 119

Questions for Discussion 122

Chapter Five　Religions 123

Section 1　Religion and the USA Government 123

Section 2　Protestants 124

Section 3　Catholics 125

Section 4　Jewish 125

Section 5　Other Religions in the USA 126

Section 6　American Character of Religion 126

Questions for Discussion 127

Chapter Six　American Literature 127

Section 1　The Age of Romanticism 127

Section 2　The Age of Realism 129

Section 3　Modern American Literature 130

Questions for Discussion 133

Chapter Seven　Education 133

Section 1　Features of American Education 133

Section 2　Secondary Education 134

Section 3　Higher Education 135

Section 4　Financial Problems 137

Section 5　Standardized Tests and Their Uses 137

Section 6　Vocational and Technical Education 138

Section 7　Education and Employment in the USA 138

Questions for Discussion 139

Chapter Eight　National Economy 140

Section 1　General Survey 140

Section 2　How American Economy Works 141

Section 3　Manufacturing Industries 142

Section 4　Agriculture 143

Section 5　Money System 144

Section 6　Foreign Trade 145

Section 7　New Economy 145

Section 8　Subprime Crisis 147

Questions for Discussion 149

Chapter Nine Work and Welfare 149

Section 1　Overview of American Labor Market 149

Section 2　Major Social Welfare Programs 150

Section 3　Welfare Reform 153

Questions for Discussion 154

Chapter Ten　Mess Media and Entertainment 154

Section 1　The Press 154

Section 2　Television 155

Section 3　Radios 155

Section 4　Movies 155

Section 5　Music 156

Questions for Discussion 160

Chapter Eleven　Leisure Activities 160

Section 1　Traveling in America 160

Section 2　Sports 166

Questions for Discussion 169

Chapter Twelve　Holidays 170

Section 1 Martin Luther King Day(Third Monday in January) 170

Section 2　Valentine's Day(February 14) 171

Section 3 Mother's Day and Father's Day 172

Section 4　Memorial Day(Last Monday in May) 173

Section 5　Independence Day(July 4) 174

Section 6　Halloween(October 31) 174

Section 7　Thanksgiving Day(Fourth Thursday in November) 175

Section 8　Merry Christmas(December 25) 176

Questions for Discussion 177

Chapter Thirteen　Domestic Problems 178

Section 1　Racial Discrimination 178

Section 2　The GaP Between the Poor and the Rich 180

Section 3　Health and Health Care 182

Section 4　Drug Abuse 183

Section 5　Violent Crime and Juvenile Delinquency 184

Section 6　Traffic Accidents 186

Section 7　Teen Pregnancy and Abortion 186

Questions for Discussion 187

Part Three Canada,Australia and New Zealand 188

Canada 188

Chapter One　An Overview 188

Section 1 Location and Size 188

Section 2　Regions 189

Section 3　People 197

Section 4　Languages 199

Questions for Discussion 200

Chapter Two　History of Canada 200

Section 1　British and French Settlement 201

Section 2　Canada and the Two World Wars 202

Section 3　Canada since the 1960s and at the Turn of the Millennia 204

Questions for Discussion 205

Chapter Three　Central Canada 205

Section 1　General Survey 205

Section 2　Ontario 206

Section 3　Quebec 207

Questions for Discussion 209

Chapter Four　Political System 210

Section 1　Canadian Government 210

Section 2 Foreign Influences 212

Section 3　Major Political Parties 213

Questions for Discussion 215

Chapter Five　Education and Literature 215

Section 1　Education 215

Section 2　Literature 218

Questions for Discussion 224

Chapter Six　Economy 224

Section 1　General Survey 224

Section 2 Effects of the Two World Wars and the Great Depression 226

Section 3　Canadian Economy after World War Ⅱ 228

Section 4　Canadian Economy in the Last Two Decades 229

Section 5　Quebec Nationalism 230

Questions for Discussion 230

Chapter Seven　International Relations 231

Section 1　From Junior Partner to Middle Power 231

Section 2　The Military Contributions and Commitments of Canada 232

Section 3 Canadian-American Relations 234

Section 4 Sino-Canadian Relations 236

Section 5　Overseas Development Programs of Canada 237

Questions for Discussion 238

Australia 239

Chapter One　An Overview 239

Section 1　Size and Location 239

Section 2 Climate 240

Section 3　Population and Major Cities 241

Section 4　A Multicultural Society 243

Questions for Discussion 245

Chapter Two　History of Australia 245

Seetion 1 Early Colonial Period 245

Section 2　The Rising of a Nation 247

Section 3 Australia in the Two World Wars and the Great Depression 249

Section 4 Australia after World War Ⅱ 251

Questions for Discussion 253

Chapter Three　Political System 253

Section 1　Australian Government 253

Section 2　Political Parties 255

Questions for Discussion 256

Chapter Four　Economy and Education 256

Section 1　Economy 256

Section 2 Education 258

Questions for Discussion 259

Chapter Five　Foreign Relations 259

Section 1　Relations with UK and US 259

Section 2　Relations with UN and Asia-Pacific Region 260

Section 3　Australia and China 262

Section 4　Australia and Other Major Countries 264

Questions for Discussion 265

New Zealand 266

Chapter One　An Overview 266

Section 1　Land and Climate 266

Section 2　Nature 267

Section 3　People and Society 269

Section 4　Culture and Arts 270

Questions for Discussion 271

Chapter Two　History of New Zealand 272

Section 1　Early Settlement 272

Section 2　British Colonization 272

Section 3　Post-war New Zealand 274

Questions for Discussion 274

Chapter Three　Political System 274

Section 1　Government of New Zealand 274

Section 2　Major Political Parties 276

Questions for Discussion 277

Chapter Four　Economy and Education 277

Section 1　Economy 277

Section 2　Education 278

Questions for Discussion 279

Chapter Five　Foreign Relations 279

Section 1　New Zealand and the United Nations 279

Section 2　New Zealand in the Asia-Pacific Region 280

Section 3　New Zealand and China 281

Section 4 New Zealand and EU 282

Section 5　New Zealand and the United States 283

Questions for Discussion 284

References 285