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Part One The United States 3

Chapter Ⅰ．Geographical Features and Natural Resources 3

1．Location and Geographical Divisions 3

2．Climate 7

3．Natural Resources 9

Chapter Ⅱ．American Population 16

1．Composition of the US Population 16

2．Population Distribution 20

3．Internal Migration 22

Chapter Ⅲ．Discovery and Colonization of the New World 27

1．American Indians and Great Discoveries 27

2．Colonization of the New World 30

3．Governmental and Social Structures of the 13 Colonies 32

Chapter Ⅳ．American Revolution 38

1．Britain s Policy to American Colonies 38

2．The Road to the Revolution 40

3．The Outbreak of War and the Second Continental Congress 42

4．Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War 43

Chapter Ⅴ．The Confederation and the Constitution 49

1．Articles of Confederation 49

2．Constitutional Convention 50

3．Opinions on the Ratification Issue 52

4．The New Government and the Louisiana Purchase 53

5．The War of 1812 54

Chapter Ⅵ．American Expansion and the Civil War 59

1．Monroe Doctrine 59

2．Westward Movement 60

3．Economic Antagonism Between North and South 61

4．The Way to the Givil War 63

5．Civil War 65

Chapter Ⅶ．Reconstruction ant the Birth of US Imperialism 72

1．Reconstruction in the South 72

2．Becoming a Great Industrial Power 76

3．Becoming an Imperial Power 78

Chapter Ⅷ．World War I and the Depression 83

1．World War I 83

2．America s Entrance into the War 84

3．Peace Conference of 1919 86

4．Era of Prosperity and the Coming of Great Depression 88

5．Franklin Roosevelt and His New Deal 90

Chapter Ⅸ．America During and After World War Ⅱ 95

1．From Isolation to Intervention 95

2．Important Conferences During World War Ⅱ 98

3．The Cold War and Civil Rights Movement 99

4．From Eisenhower to Clinton 101

Chapter Ⅹ．The Federal System and Congress 108

1．The Three Basic Principles of US Political System 108

2．The Membership and Powers of Congress 109

3．Leadership and Committees in Congress 111

4．How a Bill Becomes a Law 113

Chapter Ⅺ．The President and the Judiciary 118

1．The President and His Powers 118

2．The Organization of Executive Branch 121

3．The Federal Court System 122

4．The State Court System 124

Chapter Ⅻ．Political Parties and Elections 129

1．The Development of Political Parties 129

2．The Structure and Function of Political Parties 130

3．Differences Between Democrats and Republicans 132

4．Voting and Elections 133

5．Electing President 135

ChapterⅩⅢ．American Education 140

1．Introduction 140

2．Elementary and Secondary Education 141

3．Higher Education 143

ChapterⅩⅣ．The Mass Media 151

1．Evolution of Newspapers and Magazines 151

2．Radio and Television 155

3．The Information Highway 157

ChapterⅩⅤ．American Family and Character 161

1．American Family 161

2．American Character and Customs 164

Part Two The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 173

Chapter Ⅰ．Geographical Features and Natural Resources 173

1．Geographical Features 173

2．Climate 177

3．Rivers and Lakes 178

4．Natural Resources 179

Chapter Ⅱ．Population of the United Kingdom 184

1．The English 184

2．The Welsh 186

3．The Scots 187

4．The Irish 189

5．Immigrants 190

Chapter Ⅲ．The Origins of a Nation 195

1．Early Settlement 195

2．Roman Britain 196

3．Anglo-Saxon Times 197

4．The Danish Invasion 199

5．The Normans 202

Chapter Ⅳ．Feudal England 209

1．Consolidation of Monarchy 209

2．The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament 212

3．The Hundred Years War 215

4．The Black Death and Peasant Uprising 217

5．The Wars of the Roses 219

Chapter Ⅴ．England Under the Tudors 225

1．The Consolidation of New Monarchy 225

2．Reformation 227

3．Elizabeth I 230

4．The English Renaissance 232

Chapter Ⅵ．The Bourgeois Revolution 240

1．The Absolute Rule of the Stuarts 240

2．The Civil Wars 244

3．The Commonwealth 246

4．The Restoration and the “Glorious Revolution” 248

Chapter Ⅶ．Hanoverian England and Industrial Revolution 255

1．The Georges 255

2．Industrial Revolution 256

3．The chartist Movement 259

4．Cultural Results of the Industrial Revolution 261

Chapter Ⅷ．Party Politics and Colonial Expansion 267

1．Party Politics and Reforms 267

2．Trade Unions and the Labour Party 269

3．Colonial Expansion 271

Chapter Ⅸ．Britain in the Two World Wars 279

1．Britain and World War I 279

2．Britain Between the Two Wars 281

3．Britain and World War Ⅱ 283

4．The Postwar Britain 284

Chapter Ⅹ．British Monarchy and Government 293

1．The Monarchy 293

2．The Executive and Administration 296

3．The Privy Council 298

4．Local Government 300

Chapter Ⅺ．Parliament and Judicial System 306

1．The House of Lords 306

2．The House of Commons 308

3．The Passage of Bills 311

4．The Judicial System 313

Chapter Ⅻ．Political Parties and Election 320

1．The Development of Parties 320

2．The Conservative Party 321

3．The Labour Party 322

4．The Liberal and Other Minor Parties 323

5．Election 325

ChapterⅩⅢ．Education 331

1．Provisions of Education 331

2．Primary Education 333

3．Secondary Education 335

4．Independent Schools 337

5．Higher Education 338

ChapterⅩⅣ．Mass Media 346

1．Broadcasting 346

2．Newspapers and Magazines 349

ChapterⅩⅤ．British Family Life,Character and Customs 357

1．Marriage 357

2．Meals and Drinks 359

3．Social Contact 361

4．Conservatism and Temperament 361

5．Privacy 365

6．Customs Connected with the King or Queen 365

Appendixes 370

Appendix Ⅰ Admission of States to the Union 370

Appendix Ⅱ The US Presidents 372

Appendix Ⅲ Population of the United States 374

Appendix Ⅳ Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom 375

Appendix Ⅴ English and British Monarchs 378

References 382