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PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS WITH MODERN PHYSICS THIRD EDITIONpdf电子书版本下载
- 著
- 出版社: PEARSON PRENTICE HALL
- ISBN:0131911821
- 出版时间:2005
- 标注页数:1341页
- 文件大小:340MB
- 文件页数:1373页
- 主题词:
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图书目录
1 TOOLING UP 1
1-1 A Little Background 2
1-2 Fundamental Physical Quantities and Their Units 4
1-3 Accuracy and Significant Figures 9
1-4 Dimensional Analysis 12
1-5 Estimates:How a Little Reasoning Goes a Long Way 14
1-6 Scalars and Vectors 15
Summary 22
Understanding the Concepts, 22
Problems 23
2 STRAIGHT-LINE MOTION 28
2-1 Displacement 28
2-2 Speed and Velocity 31
2-3 Acceleration 36
2-4 Motion with Constant Acceleration 40
2-5 Freely Falling Objects 44
2-6 Integration and Motion in One Dimension 48
Summary 51
Understanding the Concepts, 52
Problems 53
3 MOTION IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS 60
3-1 Position and Displacement 60
3-2 Velocity and Acceleration 62
3-3 Motion with Constant Acceleration 66
3-4 Projectile Motion 68
3-5 Uniform Circular Motion 74
3-6 Relative Motion 77
Summary 80
Understanding the Concepts, 81
Problems 82
4 NEWTON’S LAWS 87
4-1 Forces and Newton’s First Law 88
4-2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 92
4-3 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 97
4-4 Noninertial Frames 99
4-5 Using Newton’s Laws:Identifying Forces and Free-Body Diagrams 103
4-6 Using Newton’s Laws:Finding the Motion 109
Summary 110
Understanding the Concepts, 111
Problems 112
5 APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON’S LAWS 119
5-1 Common Forces Revisited 119
5-2 Friction 127
5-3 Drag Forces 133
5-4 Forces and Circular Motion 136
5-5 Fundamental Forces 141
Summary 142
Understanding the Concepts 143
Problems 144
6 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY 151
6-1 Kinetic Energy,Work,and the Work-Energy Theorem 152
6-2 Constant Forces in More Than One Dimension 159
6-3 Forces That Vary with Position 162
6-4 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces 169
6-5 Power 172
6-6 Kinetic Energy at Very High Speeds 174
Summary 175
Understanding the Concepts, 176
Problems 177
7 POTENTIAL ENERGY AND CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 183
7-1 Potential Energy and Conservative Forces 184
7-2 Energy Conservation and Allowed Motion 191
7-3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions 195
7-4 Is Energy Conservation a General Principle? 198
Summary 201
Understanding the Concepts, 201
Problems 202
8 LINEAR MOMENTUM,COLLISIONS,AND THE CENTER OF MASS 209
8-1 Momentum and Its Conservation 210
8-2 Collisions and Impulse 212
8-3 Perfectly Inelastic Collisions; Explosions 216
8-4 Elastic Two-Body Collisions in One Dimension 220
8-5 Elastic Collisions in Two and Three Dimensions 223
8-6 Center of Mass 225
8-7 Rocket Motion 234
8-8 Momentum Transfer at High Energies 237
Summary 238
Understanding the Concepts, 239
Problems 240
9 ROTATIONS OF RIGID BODIES 246
9-1 Simple Rotations of a Rigid Body 247
9-2 Rotational Kinetic Energy 251
9-3 Evaluation of Rotational Inertia 253
9-4 Torque 259
9-5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation 265
9-6 Rolling 267
Summary 272
Understanding the Concepts, 273
Problems 274
10 MORE ON ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND TORQUE 280
10-1 Generalization of Angular Momentum 280
10-2 Generalization of Torque 285
10-3 The Dynamics of Rotation 288
10-4 Conservation of Angular Momentum 293
10-5 Work and Energy in Angular Motion 298
10-6 Collecting Parallels Between Rotational and Linear Motion 300
10-7 Quantization of Angular Momentum 301
10-8 Precession 302
Summary 305
Understanding the Concepts 306
Problems 307
11 STATICS 313
11-1 Static Conditions for Rigid Bodies 313
11-2 Gravity and Rigid Bodies 316
11-3 Applications of Statics 318
11-4 Solids and How They Respond to Forces 323
Summary 328
Understanding the Concepts 329
Problems 330
12 GRAVITATION 338
12-1 Early Observations of Planetary Motion 339
12-2 Newton’s Inverse-Square Law 340
12-3 Planets and Satellites 345
12-4 Gravitation and Extended Objects 349
12-5 A Closer Look at Gravitation 355
12-6 Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation 357
Summary 359
Understanding the Concepts 360
Problems 361
13 OSCILLATORY MOTION 366
13-1The Kinematics of Simple Harmonic Motion 367
13-2 A Connection to Circular Motion 370
13-3 Springs and Simple Harmonic Motion 371
13-4 Energy and Simple Harmonic Motion 374
13-5 The Simple Pendulum 378
13-6 More About Pendulums 381
13-7 Damped Harmonic Motion 383
13-8 Driven Harmonic Motion 385
Summary 388
Understanding the Concepts 389
Problems 390
14 WAVES 397
14-1 Types of Waves 398
14-2 The Wave Equation 401
14-3 Periodic Waves 403
14-4 Traveling Waves 405
14-5 Energy and Power in Waves 412
14-6 Standing Waves 414
14-7 More About Sound 418
14-8 The Doppler Effect 423
14-9 Shock Waves 426
Summary 428
Understanding the Concepts 429
Problems 430
15 SUPERPOSITION AND INTERFERENCE OF WAVES 435
15-1 The Superposition Principle 436
15-2 Standing Waves Through Interference 437
15-3 Beats 439
15-4 Spatial Interference Phenomena 443
15-5 Pulses 446
15-6 Fourier Decomposition of Waves 452
15-7 Pulses and the Uncertainty Principle 454
Summary 456
Understanding the Concepts 457
Problems 457
16PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 462
16-1 States of Matter 462
16-2 Density and Pressure 464
16-3 Pressure in a Fluid at Rest 466
16-4 Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle 469
16-5 Fluids in Motion 474
16-6 The Equation of Continuity 475
16-7 Bernoulli’s Equation 476
16-8 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation 478
16-9 Real Fluids 481
Summary 483
Understanding the Concepts 484
Problems 485
17 TEMPERATURE AND IDEAL GASES 491
17-1 Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 492
17-2 Ideal Gases and Absolute Temperature 494
17-3 Thermal Expansion 497
17-4 The Equation of State of Gases 499
17-5 Blackbody Radiation 503
Summary 507
Understanding the Concepts 507
Problems 508
18 HEAT FLOW AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 515
18-1 Changes in Thermal Systems 516
18-2 Heat Flow 518
18-3 Heat Flow in Materials 523
18-4 The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 526
18-5 Work Done by Thermal Systems 528
18-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics 531
18-7 Internal Energy of Ideal Gases 532
18-8 More Applications for Ideal Gases 534
Summary 538
Understanding the Concepts 539
Problems 540
19 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THERMAL PHYSICS 548
19-1 A Microscopic View of Gases 549
19-2 Pressure and Molecular Motion 550
19-3 The Meaning of Temperature 552
19-4 Probability Distributions 554
19-5 The Velocity Distribution of Gases 557
19-6 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution 559
19-7 Collisions and Transport Phenomena 562
Summary 566
Understanding the Concepts 567
Problems 567
20 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 573
20-1 Beyond Energy Conservation 574
20-2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 580
20-3 The Carnot Cycle 581
20-4 Other Types of Engines 586
20-5 Entropy and the Second Law 590
20-6 Entropy and Ideal Gases 594
20-7 The Meaning of Entropy 596
Summary 600
Understanding the Concepts 601
Problems 601
21 ELECTRIC CHARGE 609
21-1 Charge—a Property of Matter 609
21-2 Charge Is Conserved and Quantized 616
21-3 Coulomb’s Law 617
21-4 Forces Involving Multiple Charges 621
Summary 626
Understanding the Concepts 627
Problems 628
22 ELECTRIC FIELD 633
22-1 Electric Field 633
22-2 Electric Field Lines 639
22-3 The Field of a Continuous Distribution 642
22-4 Motion of a Charge in a Field 648
22-5 The Electric Dipole in an External Electric Field 650
Summary 653
Understanding the Concepts 654
Problems 655
23 GAUSS’ LAW 661
23-1 What Does Gauss’ Law Do? 661
23-2 Gauss’ Law 665
23-3 Using Gauss’ Law to Determine Electric Fields 668
23-4 Conductors and Electric Fields 672
23-5 Are Gauss’ and Coulomb’s Laws Correct? 675
Summary 677
Understanding the Concepts 678
Problems 678
24 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL 683
24-1 Electric Potential Energy 684
24-2 Electric Potential 686
24-3 Equipotentials 691
24-4 Determining Fields from Potentials 694
24-5 The Potentials of Charge Distributions 696
24-6 Potentials and Fields Near Conductors 700
24-7 Electric Potentials in Technology 703
Summary 707
Understanding the Concepts 708
Problems 708
25 CAPACITORS AND DIELECTRICS 714
25-1 Capacitance 714
25-2 Energy in Capacitors 718
25-3 Energy in Electric Fields 720
25-4 Capacitors in Parallel and in Series 721
25-5 Dielectrics 723
25-6 The Microscopic Description of Dielectrics 729
Summary 731
Understanding the Concepts 732
Problems 733
26 CURRENTS IN MATERIALS 738
26-1 Electric Current 739
26-2 Currents in Materials 742
26-3 Resistance 745
26-4 Resistances in Series and in Parallel 749
26-5 Free-Electron Model of Resistivity 750
26-6 Materials and Conductivity 752
26-7 Electric Power 755
Summary 758
Understanding the Concepts 759
Problems 760
27 DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS 766
27-1 EMF 766
27-2 Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule 770
27-3 Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule 772
27-4 Measuring Instruments 776
27-5 RC Circuits 779
Summary 783
Understanding the Concepts 783
Problems 784
28 THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS 791
28-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields 792
28-2 Magnetic Force on an Electric Charge 793
28-3 Consequences of the Magnetic Force on a Charge 796
28-4 Magnetic Forces on Currents 804
28-5 Magnetic Force on Current Loops 807
28-6 The Hall Effect 810
Summary 811
Understanding the Concepts 812
Problems 813
29THE PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FIELDS 820
29-1 Ampere’s Law 820
29-2 Gauss’ Law for Magnetism 826
29-3 Solenoids 828
29-4 The Biot-Savart Law 832
29-5 The Maxwell Displacement Current 838
Summary 840
Understanding the Concepts 841
Problems 842
30 FARADAY’S LAW 847
30-1 Faraday’s Discovery and the Law of Induction 848
30-2 Motional EMF 855
30-3 Forces and Energy in Motional EMF 858
30-4 Time-Varying Magnetic Fields 861
30-5 Generators 863
30-6 The Frame Dependence of Fields 864
Summary 865
Understanding the Concepts 865
Problems 866
31 MAGNETISM AND MATTER 873
31-1 The Magnetic Properties of Bulk Matter 874
31-2 Atoms as Magnets 878
31-3 Ferromagnetism 881
31-4 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism 884
31-5 Magnetism and Superconductivity 886
31-6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 886
Summary 888
Understanding the Concepts 889
Problems 889
32 INDUCTANCE AND CIRCUIT OSCILLATIONS 893
32-1 Inductance and Inductors 893
32-2 Energy in Inductors 898
32-3 Energy in Magnetic Fields 900
32-4 Time Dependence in RL Circuits 901
32-5 Oscillations in LC Circuits 903
32-6 Damped Oscillations in RLC Circuits 905
32-7 Energy in LC and RLC Circuits 908
Summary 910
Understanding the Concepts 911
Problems 911
33 ALTERNATING CURRENTS 917
33-1 Transformers 917
33-2 Single Elements in AC Circuits 920
33-3 AC in Series RLC Circuits 926
33-4 Power in AC Circuits 929
33-5 Some Applications 931
Summary 935
Understanding the Concepts 936
Problems 937
34MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 943
34-1 Maxwell’s Equations 944
34-2 Electromagnetic Waves 945
34-3 Energy and Momentum Flow 954
34-4 Dipole Radiation 957
34-5 Polarization 959
34-6 Electromagnetic Radiation as Particles 964
Summary 965
Understanding the Concepts 968
Problems 968
35 LIGHT 974
35-1 The Speed of Light 975
35-2 When Can Light Waves Be Treated as Rays? 977
35-3 Reflection and Refraction 979
35-4 Fermat’s Principle 985
35-5 Dispersion 988
Summary 991
Understanding the Concepts 992
Problems 993
36 MIRRORS AND LENSES AND THEIR USES 998
36-1 Images and Mirrors 998
36-2 Spherical Mirrors 1001
36-3 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces 1009
36-4 Thin Lenses 1014
36-5 Optical Instruments 1018
36-6 Aberration 1022
Summary 1023
Understanding the Concepts 1024
Problems 1025
37 INTERFERENCE 1029
37-1 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 1029
37-2 Intensity in the Double-Slit Experiment 1034
37-3 Interference from Reflection 1037
37-4 Interferometers 1042
Summary 1044
Understanding the Concepts 1044
Problems 1045
38 DIFFRACTION 1050
38-1 The Diffraction of Light 1050
38-2 Diffraction Gratings 1052
38-3 Single-Slit Diffraction 1056
38-4 Resolution of Optical Instruments 1059
38-5 Slit Width and Grating Patterns 1062
38-6 X-Ray Diffraction 1062
38-7 Holography 1065
Summary 1067
Understanding the Concepts 1068
Problems 1069
39 SPECIAL RELATIVITY 1073
39-1 Is an Ether Necessary? 1073
39-2 The Einstein Postulates 1076
39-3 Space,Time,and Simultaneity 1078
39-4 Time Dilation and Length Contraction 1079
39-5 The Relativistic Doppler Shift 1085
39-6 The Lorentz Transformations 1090
39-7 Momentum and Energy in Special Relativity 1096
39-8 Beyond Special Relativity 1101
Summary 1104
Understanding the Concepts 1106
Problems 1106
40 QUANTUM PHYSICS 1112
40-1 The Particle Nature of Radiation 1113
40-2 The Wave Nature of Matter 1118
40-3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relations 1122
40-4 Quantum Mechanics and Probability 1128
Summary 1130
Understanding the Concepts 1131
Problems 1132
41 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1137
41-1 The Quantization of Energy 1137
41-2 The True Spectrum of Hydrogen 1144
41-3 The Exclusion Principle and Atomic Structure 1147
41-4 Molecular Structure 1151
Summary 1156
Understanding the Concepts 1157
Problems 1157
42QUANTUM EFFECTS IN LARGE SYSTEMS OF FERMIONS AND BOSONS 1162
42-1 The Exclusion Principle in Bulk Matter 1163
42-2 Lasers and the Behavior of Bosons 1169
42-3 Superconductivity 1172
42-4 Superfluidity and Liquid Helium 1176
Summary 1178
Understanding the Concepts 1178
Problems 1179
43 QUANTUM ENGINEERING 1183
43-1 Energy Bands 1184
43-2 Semiconductors 1185
43-3 Semiconductor Structures 1193
43-4 Band-Gap Engineering 1197
43-5 Scanning Microscopy 1199
Summary 1202
Understanding the Concepts 1203
Problems 1203
44 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1207
44-1 Static Properties of Nuclei 1207
44-2 Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Models 1216
44-3 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions 1219
44-4 Radioactivity 1220
44-5 Fission and Fusion 1224
44-6 Applications of Nuclear Physics 1227
Summary 1231
Understanding the Concepts 1231
Problems 1232
45 PARTICLES AND COSMOLOGY 1236
45-1 Probing the Structure of Matter 1236
45-2 New Quantum Numbers 1240
45-3 The Fundamental Constituents of Matter:Leptons and Quarks 1244
45-4 The Fundamental Forces and Their Carriers 1246
45-5 The Tools of Particle Physics 1252
45-6 Cosmology and the Expanding Universe 1257
45-7 A Few Last Words 1264
Summary 1264
Understanding the Concepts 1265
Problems 1266
APPENDIX Ⅰ THE SYSTEME INTERNATIONALE (SI) OF UNITS 1271
APPENDIX Ⅱ SOME FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 1272
APPENDIX Ⅲ OTHER PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 1273
APPENDIX Ⅳ MATHEMATICS 1275
APPENDIX Ⅴ PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1278
APPENDIX Ⅵ SIGNIFICANT DATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS 1279
ANSWERS TO “WHAT DO YOU THINK?” QUESTIONS 1281
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS QUESTIONS 1295
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 1301
PHOTO CREDITS 1323
INDEX 1327
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