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CHAPTER 1 PHILOSOPHY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION 1

Ⅰ.Introduction 1

Ⅱ.Greek Rationalism 1

Ⅲ.The Middle Ages 6

Ⅳ.The Renaissance 7

Ⅴ.Modern Philosophy 11

Ⅵ.Modern Philosophical Trends 13

Ⅶ.Summary 17

CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 22

Ⅰ.Introduction 22

Ⅱ.General Characteristics of the United Kingdom 23

Ⅲ.Water: The Key Geographical Feature 27

Ⅳ.Geographical History 27

Ⅴ.Surface Features and Geography—by Political Region 28

Ⅵ.Current Situation 39

Ⅶ.Commonwealth 40

CHAPTER 3 HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 45

Ⅰ.Prehistory to the Norman Conquest 45

Ⅱ.The Making of a Nation: From the Norman Conquest to the Renaissance 50

Ⅲ.The Tudors: Sea Power and Protestantism 56

Ⅳ.Founding of the British Empire 65

Ⅴ.England in Revolution: Representative and Constitutional Government 69

Ⅵ.England in the Eighteenth Century: The Age of Reason 78

Ⅶ.Napoleonic Wars and a Century of Slow Reforms 86

Ⅷ.Nineteenth Century Imperialism 91

Ⅸ.Twentieth-Century England: Crisis of Identity 93

Appendixes 104

CHAPTER 4 BRITISH ECONOMY 114

Ⅰ.Introduction 114

Ⅱ.Highlights of Britain’s Economic Development 114

Ⅲ.Britain’s Prosperity Today 117

Ⅳ.Britain’s Economic System: A Unique Mix 120

Ⅴ.Consumer Expenditure 125

Ⅵ.Industrial Structure and Output 126

Ⅶ.International Trade 126

Ⅷ.Taxation and Public Spending 128

Ⅸ.Economic Policy 130

CHAPTER 5 BRITISH CULTURE 134

Ⅰ.Introduction 134

Ⅱ.The British People—General Traits 134

Ⅲ.Entertainment 140

Ⅳ.Conclusion 145

CHAPTER 6 BRITISH EDUCATION 148

Ⅰ.Introduction 148

Ⅱ.Medieval England — Church and Class 148

Ⅲ.Renaissance Education 152

Ⅳ.Eighteenth Century — What Is Correct English 155

Ⅴ.Nineteenth Century — Class Struggle and Change 156

Ⅵ.Twentieth Century — Reform, Socialism and Conservatism 159

Ⅶ.Conclusion 164

CHAPTER 7 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES 166

Ⅰ.Introduction 166

Ⅱ.Economic Activities 166

Ⅲ.Rural, Suburban, and Urban Living Patterns 168

Ⅳ.Physiographic Subdivisions of the United States 172

Ⅴ.Summary: The United States— “A Land of Contrasts” 193

CHAPTER 8 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 199

Ⅰ.Introduction 199

Ⅱ.Native Americans 199

Ⅲ.Colonial North America 200

Ⅳ.The Founding of the United States 203

Ⅴ.Forming a New Nation 205

Ⅵ.Nationalism and the Economy 210

Ⅶ.Westward Expansion 211

Ⅷ.The Industrial Revolution and Social Reforms 213

Ⅸ.The American Civil War and Reconstruction 216

Ⅹ.Industrialization, Capitalism, and Monopolies 221

Ⅺ.The United States Becomes a World Power 226

Ⅻ.The Post World War Ⅰ Period 228

ⅩⅢ.World War Ⅱ 232

ⅩⅣ.The Post World War Ⅱ Period: The Cold War 234

ⅩⅤ.The Post War Period: Domestic Issues 237

ⅩⅣ.Conclusion 243

Appendixes 244

CHAPTER 9 BRITISH AND AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS 250

Ⅰ.Introduction 250

Ⅱ.Politics 251

Ⅲ.Political Legitimacy 253

Ⅳ.Absolutism and Constitutionalism 257

Ⅴ.Democracy 259

Ⅵ.Indirect or Representative Democracy 262

Ⅶ.Elections 264

Ⅷ.The Assembly Model 266

Ⅸ.Conclusion 267

Appendixes 267

CHAPTER 10 THE ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES 277

Ⅰ.Introduction and Overview 277

Ⅱ.History and Growth 277

Ⅲ.Commercial and Nonprofit Firms 278

Ⅳ.Households 282

Ⅴ.Government and the Economy 284

Ⅵ.International Trade 290

Ⅶ.Problems and Challenges for the US Economy 292

CHAPTER 11 AMERICAN SOCIETY 296

Ⅰ.Introduction 296

Ⅱ.Individuals 296

Ⅲ.Families 301

Ⅳ.Groups 301

Ⅴ.Organizations 302

Ⅵ.Socioeconomic Classes, Status and Roles 304

Ⅶ.Race and Ethnicity 306

Ⅷ.Other Social Issues 310

Ⅸ.Social Changes and Global Connections 313

CHAPTER 12 AMERICAN CULTURE 317

Ⅰ.Introduction 317

Ⅱ.Materialism and the Mass Media 317

Ⅲ.Individual Style and Personal Rites of Passage 318

Ⅳ.Manners 321

Ⅴ.Food and Meals 322

Ⅵ.Housing 324

Ⅶ.Pets 325

Ⅷ.Leisure Activities 326

Ⅸ.Holidays 328

Ⅹ.American Values 332

CHAPTER 13 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 336

Ⅰ.Introduction 336

Ⅱ.Issues in American Basic Education 340

Ⅲ.Higher Education 344

Ⅳ.Conclusion 349

后记 351