语言导论 Facets of language engpdf电子书版本下载

点此进入-本书在线PDF格式电子书下载【推荐-云解压-方便快捷】直接下载PDF格式图书。移动端-PC端通用
种子下载[BT下载速度快] 温馨提示：（请使用BT下载软件FDM进行下载）软件下载地址页 直链下载[便捷但速度慢]   [在线试读本书]   [在线获取解压码]

语言导论 Facets of language engPDF格式电子书版下载

下载的文件为RAR压缩包。需要使用解压软件进行解压得到PDF格式图书。

建议使用BT下载工具Free Download Manager进行下载,简称FDM(免费,没有广告,支持多平台）。本站资源全部打包为BT种子。所以需要使用专业的BT下载软件进行下载。如 BitComet qBittorrent uTorrent等BT下载工具。迅雷目前由于本站不是热门资源。不推荐使用！后期资源热门了。安装了迅雷也可以迅雷进行下载！

（文件页数 要大于 标注页数，上中下等多册电子书除外）

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 Properties of Language 1

1 Introduction—Nature or Nurture? 1

2　The Nature of Language 3

2.1 Creativity 3

2.2　Arbitrariness of linguistic signs 5

2.3　Duality 7

2.4　Displacement 8

2.5 Structure-dependence 9

3　Linguistic Competence and Linguistic Performance 11

4　Descriptive Grammar and Prescriptive Grammar 12

5 Summary 14

Exercises 15

References 16

Chapter 2　The Structures of Language 17

1 Introduction 17

1.1　Levels of linguistic organization 17

1.2　How many levels are there? 17

1.3 Evidence of structures 18

2　Patterns of Speech Sounds:Phonology 20

3　The Words of Language:Morphology 23

3.1 What is a morpheme? 24

3.2　Derivational morphology 25

3.3 Inflectional morphology 26

4 Sentence Structures:Syntax 27

4.1 Word order 27

4.2　Grammaticality judgment 27

4.3 Ambiguity 29

4.4 Recursiveness 30

5 Summary 31

Exercises 32

References 33

Chapter 3 Meaning of Language 34

1 Meaning in the Objective World 34

1.1 Arbitrariness and iconicity 35

1.2　Linguistic relativity and determinism 36

1.3　The logical approach to language meaning 37

2 Meaning in the Language System 40

2.1　The many meanings of a word 42

2.2 Some well-known word relations 44

2.3 Componential analysis 50

2.4 Meaning beyond words 52

3 Summary 55

Exercises 56

References 56

Chapter 4 Origins of Language 58

1 Introduction 58

2　Defining the Topic 59

2.1　The origin,the origins or origins of language? 59

2.2 Speech or written language? 60

2.3 Origins of language in general or origins of specific languages? 60

2.4　The meanings of the word origin 60

2.5 Where do we look for evidence? 61

3 Search for the Source:Creationism vs.Evolutionism 61

3.1　The divine origin theory 62

3.2　The inner spirit theory 63

3.3　The nature theory 64

3.4　The sing-song theory 65

4 Search for the Beginning 65

4.1 Full-blown language 65

4.2 Gesture theory 66

4.3　Ta-ta theory 67

4.4　Yo-he-ho theory 67

4.5　Supply and demand theory 67

4.6 Rousseau and Herder's reflective theory 68

5 Search for the Causes 70

5.1　Language for gossiping 71

5.2　Language as social control 71

5.3　Language as social contact 72

5.4　Language through trial and error 73

6 Bickerton's Bioprogram 74

7 Summary 79

Exercises 81

References 81

Chapter 5 Language in Use:The Pragmatic Perspective 83

1 What Is to Study Language in Use? 83

2　How Is More Communicated than Is Said? 85

2.1 Implying and inferring meanings 85

2.2 Being cooperative 88

2 3 Flouting the maxims 91

3　How to Do Things with Words 94

3.1　Performing three acts at once 96

3.2　Performing appropriate speech acts 98

3.3　Classifying speech acts 101

4　HoW to Sound Polite 104

4.1 Face matters 104

4.2　Lend me a stamp 108

5 Summary 112

Exercises 113

References 114

Chapter 6 Language and Power 115

1 What Is Meant by"Power"? 115

2 What Is the Relationship Between Power and Language? 116

3　How Is Power Exercised Through Language? 118

3.1 Face-to-face conversation 118

3.2 Ideology,common sense and power 119

3.3 Standardization 124

3.4　Discourse conventions 126

4　The Power of Language 129

4.1　Powerful language vs.powerless language 129

4.2　Techniques and strategies people use to insert influence and control 132

5 Summary 138

Exercises 139

References 139

Chapter 7 Language and Gender 141

1　Introduction 141

1.1 Why"gender"not"sex"? 141

1.2 Research review 142

2 Gender-Distinctive Use of Language 143

2.1 Manifestations of gender differences in language 143

2.2　Possible explanations 144

3 Gender-Distinctive Conversational Styles 146

3.1 Manifestations of gender differences in conversational styles 146

3.2　Possible explanations 148

4 Gender-Related Discrimination in Language 149

4.1 Addressing terms and naming conventions 150

4.2 Marked feminine terms 151

4.3　Generic he and man 153

4.4　Male and female ordering 154

4.5　Derogation of feminine words 155

5 Summary 157

Exercises 158

References 158

Chapter 8 First Language Acquistion 161

1 Research Methods in the Study of Child Language Acquisition 161

1.1　Diaries and parental reports 161

1.2　Observational data 162

1.3　Experiment 163

2　Language Development 165

2.1　Phonological development 165

2.2　Semantic development 166

2.3　Grammatical development 168

2.4　The development of communication skills 171

3　Theories on Child Language Acquisition 172

3.1　The innatist theory（天赋论） 173

3.2　The learning theory（学习论） 176

3.3　The cognitive theory（认知论） 178

3.4　The social interactionist theory（社交论） 179

4 Summary 180

Exercises 182

References 183

Chapter 9 Second Language Acquistion 185

1 Second Language Learning and Acquisition 186

2 Components of L2 Communicative Competence 188

3　Differences Between First and Second Language Acquisition 190

3.1 Initial state and L1 transfer 191

3.2 Instruction and L2 development 192

3.3 Input,interaction and L2 development 193

4 Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition 195

4.1 Age 195

4.2　Language aptitude 197

4.3 Cognitive style 198

4.4 Motivation 201

4.5　Learning strategies 202

5 Summary 203

Exercises 203

References 204

Chapter 10 Language and the Brain 206

1 Brain Structure and Function 206

2　Hemispheric Dominance and Lateralization 208

2.1 Ways to find out language dominance and lateralization 210

2.2 Contributions of the right hemisphere 214

3　Localization of Function 215

4 Brain Maturation and Critical Age for Learning 217

5　Language Handicap 219

5.1 Aphasia 219

5.2　Dyslexia 221

6 Summary 222

Exercises 224

References 224

Chapter 11 Language,Metaphor and Thought 226

1 A Preliminary Question 226

2 What Does Language Reflect? 228

3 What Is the Nature of Thought? 231

4 What Is the Nature of Categorization? 234

4.1　The objectivist view of categorization 235

4.2　The prototype theory of categorization 238

5 Conceptual Metaphor 240

6 Summary 249

Exercises 250

References 251