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第一编 理论部份 1

1．朝向一个翻译底理论：翻译的语言基础 1

2．非笔墨所能形容？ 13

3．翻译的语言基础（一）：结构的分析 22

4．翻译的语言基础（二）：语意的分析 37

5．「同义」概念的分析 50

6．论情景 65

7．专有名词的语意分析 72

8．翻译——语言哲学的观点 87

9．翻译——语言社会学的角度 87

10．外来语的冲激与中文的反应 95

11．委婉的表现法 104

12．连用的熟语 108

第二编 实践部份 111

A．中文句型英译 111

1．主语；主题 111

2．主题句 112

3．比较句 113

4．‘了’字句 114

5．‘着’字句 114

6．现在完成的‘了’ 115

7．‘吧’字句 116

8．双宾句 117

10．‘在’字句 118

9．‘给’ 118

11．‘到’字句 119

12．否定（一） 120

13．否定（二） 121

14．‘把’字句 122

15．‘被’字句 122

16．疑问词（一） 123

17．疑问词（二） 124

18．主词或受词省略 124

19．名词化句子 125

20．形容词子句 126

21．并列动词句 126

22．以子句为主词 127

23．兼语句 128

24．附带性修饰子句 129

25．‘得’字句 130

26．连接词（一） 131

27．连接词（二） 132

28．连接词（三）：假设与虚拟 133

29．连接词（四）：本来，才，就 134

30．也是 135

31．也不是；也不 136

32．感官动词 137

34．你认为他是谁？ 138

33．猜 138

35．考试 139

36．状态与动作 140

37．上课 141

38．数 143

练习1：中译英 144

B．英文句型中译 148

1．there is no+V+ing 148

2．not above 148

3．not...because 149

4．what+little 149

6．avid reader 150

5．feel+V+ing 150

7．be thoughtful to 151

8．excellent use 151

9．becoming rich off+NP 151

10．low threshold of 152

11．the sublime 152

12．it is a big job+V+ing 153

13．the knowledge that+clause 153

14．be the making of+NP 154

15．miss+NP 154

16．giggle at 155

17．show of NP+to 155

20．recycling 156

18．where China endures 156

19．tragic incapacity 156

37．care for 157

21．leave the way wide open 157

22．quiet charm 158

23．the alleged victim 159

24．an otherwise+Adj+N 159

25．understand that 160

26．in a feeble attempt at+NP 160

27．act out the role of 161

28．bid on 162

30．break a fall off 163

31．canvass+NP+on 163

29．sit down for an exam 163

32．fed up with+NP 164

33．catch on 164

34．take the same precautions as you would 165

35．elaborate on 166

36．own up 166

37．the tide of public sentiment 167

38．what makes X tick 168

39．testify to 168

40．be defensive about 169

41．give someone a hand 170

43．come back as 171

42．to come for 171

44．warm firmness 171

45．alleges against 172

46．work away at 173

47．come under 173

48．start on 174

49．when we get there 174

50．be dominant for 175

51．nonrestrictive who 176

52．receive with enthusiasm 176

53．give us credit for 177

54．it is NP+that clause 178

55．in a move to 179

56．a study in 179

58．at the price 180

57．has what it takes 180

59．have a thing about 181

60．maintain an edge with 181

61．a regular+N 182

62．nonrestrictive when 182

63．draw a line 183

64．with+NP+gerund 183

65．put NP on the line 184

67．a community of 185

66．to account for 185

68．on the back burner 186

70．advances against 187

69．compulsive+N 187

71．act out the dramas 188

72．consummated under+NP 189

73．human communities 190

74．a climate of opinion 191

75．crucial experiment 192

77．should have+P.P. 193

76．good and+adj 193

78．nonrestrictive which 194

79．invited by 195

80．nonrestrictive who 195

81．frankly;as 196

82．a notable lack of+NP 197

83．to make of N 198

84．the worse for wear 199

85．a candidate for 200

86．euphoric awe;with 201

87．trappings of happiness 201

89．unrelieved failure 202

88．on their own ground 202

90．bring home to 203

91．be a N or nothing 204

92．call one's bluff 204

93．cramp one's style 205

94．in somewhat of+NP 205

95．at once 206

96．how fares the world 207

97．respond to N for N 207

98．status quo 208

99．variations on N 209

100．live within the system 210

102．stand whole for assessment 211

101．he is the man to beat 211

103．they say 212

练习2：英译中 213

C．容易译错的英文 216

1．accuracy,etc 216

2．adj and adj 217

3．abnormality 217

4．as 217

7．not...because 218

8．between 218

6．apparent 218

5．sad apology 218

9．not...for NP 219

10．by 219

11．argument 219

12．see you further first 219

13．has been/has gotten 219

14．have+NP+P.P. 220

15．have a glass too much 220

16．go and 220

17．Adj+N 221

18．indeed 221

21．bookkeeper 222

19．in charge of/in the charge of 222

20．begin 222

22．a world of difference 223

23．tired of one's company 223

24．in bad company 223

25．contempt 223

26．some+N 224

27．there is no grief which 224

28．abuse 224

29．much 224

33．on the house 225

34．must 225

32．have gone with child 225

30．impervious to 225

31．N1 and N1 225

35．先行词与名词的词序 226

36．hopefully 226

37．idea 227

38．no joke 228

39．alive to 228

40．of a kind 228

41．know 228

42．lack 229

43．last 229

47．no longer 230

45．never 230

46．long lane 230

44．nothing like 230

48．love lost 231

49．miss 231

50．mistaken 232

51．more or less 232

52．more of 232

53．most 233

54．natural 233

56．no+NP 234

55．nothing better 234

59．use of the past tense in a universal statement 235

57．not+wh 235

58．of a+NP 235

60．use of the past tense in the subjunctive mood 236

61．teach 236

62．it...that 237

63．remember 237

64．regular 238

65．one of these 238

66．weakness for 238

68．want 239

69．whatever/whenever/whomever/wherever/however 239

67．will 239

70．wonder 240

71．not...too much 242

72．too ready...to 242

73．want 242

练习3：英译中 243

D．容易译错的中文 246

1．able to 246

2．blink at 246

3．add/add to 246

6．apart from 247

4．admit 247

5．affect 247

7．after vs.in 248

8．ago vs.before 248

9．before 248

10．always 249

11．and 249

12．angle vs.fish 249

13．answer vs.answer to 250

14．any vs.some 250

15．any body vs.nobody 251

16．apologize 251

17．appoint 251

20．baggage 252

18．any more vs.no more 252

19．ask a favor of you 252

21．bear vs.lay 253

22．born vs.borne 253

23．borne by vs.born by 253

24．bereaved of 253

25．between A and B 254

26．beware of 254

27．blind of 255

28．bored 255

29．both 255

33．known by vs.known to 256

30．not both 256

31．burst out 256

32．busy with;busy+gerund 256

34．bother you with NP 257

35．brief vs.short 257

36．buy oneself NP 257

38．carved out of 258

39．caught me by the arm/caught my arm 258

40．cease to V 259

41．close vs.shut 260

42．laid up with a cold 260

43．clean vs.cleanse 260

46．comparative by 261

47．more interesting vs.the more interesting 261

44．come vs.been here 261

45．how+past tense+subject 261

49．deepest vs.the deepest 262

50．busiest vs.the busiest 262

51．most east vs.eastern-most 262

52．compose vs.comprise 263

53．condition on 263

54．conceal from 263

58．constipate 264

57．to hear him+V.one would 264

56．concession 264

55．concern 264

59．consider as 265

60．convenient for/to 265

61．correspondence 265

62．crowded 266

63．curtain 266

64．demand 266

65．从属问句的表现法 267

66．different from/to/than 267

67．doubt that/whether 267

70．East,Eastern 269

68．due to vs.owing to 269

69．drown 269

71．enough 270

72．else 270

73．enter 271

74．escape 271

75．ever 272

76．everybody etc. 273

77．examination 273

78．except,except for 274

79．feel 274

81．fool,follish 275

80．flower,bloom,blossom 275

82．frailty 276

83．from 276

84．flad of,flad to,glad that 278

85．glance,glimpse 278

86．go/come 278

87．look at;look in 279

88．go and V;go to V 279

89．gone/been 279

90．go on,go on with 279

93．hide;hide oneself 280

92．take my hand;take me by the hand 280

91．good to/good for 280

94．how 281

95．become of 281

96．treat 281

97．hardly 282

98．high,highly 282

99．ideal 283

100．incomprehensive vs.incomprehensible 283

101．more important,more importantly 283

102．in,into 284

103．individual 284

105．junior 285

106．kind 285

104．insure 285

107．late for,late by 286

108．just;just now 287

109．English,Englishman 287

110．that,who,Which 287

111．a few days later/in a few days 288

112．leave vs.let 288

113．lie,lay 289

114．look like 289

115．likely 290

116．look in 290

117．marry 290

120．one more year 291

118．moral 291

119．more/better 291

121．since morning/since the morning 292

122．near 292

123．next door 293

124．double negative 293

125．neither 294

126．negative-past/perfect 294

127．met/have met 295

128．was written/is written 295

129．occur 295

132．only 296

130．off/down 296

131．one of 296

133．profession 297

134．living/alive 297

135．participle 297

136．prefer...rather than 298

137．recommend 298

138．reflection 298

139．regard 299

140．remember 299

141．sexism in English 299

143．think 301

142．slow/slowly 301

144．wish 302

145．within 302

146．worth 302

147．unawares 303

148．used to 304

149．wake,waken 304

练习4：中译英 305

E．中国成语熟语英译 309

F．翻译实例：（一）英译中 336

G．翻译实例：（二）中译英 350

Index 373