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Lesson 1 The History of Automobile 1

1．Early Steam Powered Cars 1

2．Early Electric Cars 2

3．The Internal Combustion Engine and Early Gas-Powered Cars 2

4．The First Mass Producers of Cars—The Assembly Line 5

5．The Development of Cars 5

Lesson 2 Introduction to Automobile 8

1．Automobile Basic Construction 8

2．Automobile and Society 12

Lesson 3 Engine Fundamentals 15

1．Main Terms 15

2．Engine Systems 16

3．Engine Operating Principles 18

4．Basic Terms 20

Lesson 4 Diesel Engine 24

1．Historic Details of the Diesel Engine 24

2．Cycle of Operation of the Four-stroke Diesel Engine 24

3．Diesel Fuel Supply System 26

Lesson 5 Two-stroke Engine 30

1．Two-stroke SI Engine 30

2．Two-stroke CI Engine 33

Lesson 6 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 36

1．Cylinder Block 36

2．Cylinder Head 38

Lesson 7 Piston,Connecting Rod and Crankshaft 42

1．The Piston 42

2．The Connecting Rod 44

3．The Crankshaft 45

Lesson 8 The Valve Mechanism of an Engine 48

1．Purpose of Valves 48

2．Operation of Valve Mechanism 48

3．Valve 50

4．Camshaft 52

Lesson 9 Engine Lubrication System 54

1．Purposes of Lubrication 54

2．Construction of Lubrication System 55

Lesson 10 Engine Cooling System 60

1．Purpose of the Cooling System 60

2．Heat Removal 60

3．Types of Cooling System 61

Lesson 11 Engine Ignition System 66

1．Conventional Ignition System 66

2．Electronic Ignition System 69

Lesson 12 Engine Starting System 72

1．Starter Motor 73

2．Solenoid Switch 74

3．Ignition/Starter Switch 75

4．Cables 75

5．Battery 75

Lesson 13 Engine Intake and Exhaust System 78

1．Intake System 78

2．Exhaust System 80

Lesson 14 Gasoline Engine Management System(EMS) 84

1．Introduction 84

2．The Spark Ignition Engine 84

3．Primary Engine Management Functions 85

4．Cylinder Charge 85

5．Mixture Formation 88

6．Ignition 91

Lesson 15 Gasoline Fuel Supply Systems 94

1．Introduction 94

2．Fuel Delivery System 94

Lesson 16 Clutch 104

1．General 104

2．Design Diagrams of Clutches 105

Lesson 17 Manual Transmission 110

1．Introduction 110

2．Function and Configuration 111

Lesson 18 Automatic Transmission 115

1．Parts of an Automatic Transmission 115

2．The Fluid Coupling 116

3．How does the Planetary Gear System Work? 117

Lesson 19 Propeller Shafts and Universal Joints 119

1．Introduction 119

2．Propeller Shafts 120

3．Universal Joints 120

4．Cross Type Joint 121

5．Constant Velocity Joint 121

Lesson 20 Final Drive,Differential and Axles 123

1．Final Drive 123

2．Differential 124

3．Front-wheel Drive(FWD) 125

Lesson 21 Suspension System 127

1．Introduction 127

2．Front Suspension 128

3．Rear Suspension 130

Lesson 22 Steering System 133

1．Overview 133

2．Configuration and Principle Steering Gears 134

Lesson 23 Mechanical Brake System 137

1．Overview 137

2．Early Brake Designs 137

3．Automotive Brake Designs 138

4．External Contracting-band Brakes 138

5．Internal Expanding-band Brakes 139

6．Internal Expanding-shoe Brakes 140

7．Disc Brakes 141

8．Brake System Operation 142

9．Service Brakes 143

Lesson 24 ABS,TCS and ESP 147

1．Introduction to Anti-lock Braking System(ABS) 147

2．The Principle of ABS Function 147

3．The Principle of TCS Function 149

4．The Principle of ESP Function 149

5．ESP- Electronic Stability Program 150

Lesson 25 Tires and Wheels 153

1．Introduction 153

2．Tire Characteristics 154

3．Asymmetric Tire Designs 154

4．Tire Performance 155

5．Wheels 157

Lesson 26 Automotive Battery 159

1．Introduction 159

2．Conventional Batteries 160

3．Maintenance-free Batteries 161

Lesson 27 Lighting System 164

1．Introduction 164

2．Lamps 164

3．Headlights 165

Lesson 28 Instrument Panel 167

1．Introduction 167

2．Speedometers 167

3．Odometers 167

4．Tachometers 168

5．Gauges 168

6．Instrument Voltage Regulator 168

7．Bimetallic Gauges 169

Lesson 29 Occupant Safety Systems 171

1．Seat Belts and Seat Belt Tighteners 171

2．Method of Operation 171

3．Frontal Airbag 173

4．Side Airbag 174

Lesson 30 Air Conditioning System 177

1．Air Circulation 177

2．Humidity 177

3．Cooling the Air 178

4．Drying and Cleaning the Air 181

5．Anti-icing 181

6．Thermostatic Expansion Valve 181