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Chapter 1 Water Resources 1

Part 1 Water 1

Part 2 World Water Resources 1

Part 3 Water Availability and Water Resources Deficit 2

Part 4 Water Resources and Water Use 3

EXPLANATIONS 5

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 5

PHRASES 6

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 7

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 8

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 9

EXERCISE 9

Word Building(1)bio-;-al,ial;-ful 9

Chapter 2 Planning for Water Resources Development 11

Part 1 Introduction of Planning 11

Part 2 Levels of Planning 12

Part 3 Process of Planning 12

EXPLANATIONS 13

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 13

PHRASES 13

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 14

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 15

EXERCISE 15

Word Building(2)-able;aqu-;-less 16

Chapter 3 Water Resourees for Sustainable Development 17

Part 1 Introduction 17

Part 2 Concluding Remarks 18

EXPLANATIONS 20

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 20

PHRASES 20

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 21

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 22

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 22

EXERCISE 22

Word Building(3)bi-;de-;meg(a)-;micro-;tri-;terr- 23

Chapter 4 Hydrology 25

Part 1 Introduction 25

Part 2 What Is Hydrology? 26

EXPLANATIONS 26

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 26

PHRASES 27

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 28

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 28

EXERCISE 29

Word Building(4)hydro-;semi-;super- 29

Chapter 5 Water Cycle 31

Part 1 Introduction 31

Part 2 Processes of Water Cycle 31

Part 3 Application of Water Cycle 33

EXPLANATIONS 33

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 33

PHRASES 34

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 35

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 36

EXERCISE 36

Word Building(5)-al;-ial;cycl-;mal- 37

Chapter 6 Principle of Hydrograph—Unit Hydrographs 38

Part 1 Introduction 38

Part 2 Construction of Unit Hydrographs 38

EXPLANATIONS 40

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 40

PHRASES 41

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 42

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 43

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 43

EXERCISE 43

Word Building(6)-ment;-mit;sub- 44

Chapter 7 River 45

Part 1 Topography 45

Part 2 Classifiication 46

Part 3 Uses 47

EXPLANATIONS 48

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 48

PHRASES 48

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 49

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 50

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 51

EXERCISE 51

Word Building(7)alter-;circum-;-ity;sub- 51

Chapter 8 Flood 53

Part 1 Introduction 53

Part 2 Types of Flooding 54

Part 3 Cause of Flood 54

Part 4 Variability of Flooding 56

EXPLANATIONS 57

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 57

PHRASES 58

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 59

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 60

EXERCISE 61

Word Building(8)-age;magni-;-ous 61

Chapter 9 Sediments 63

Part 1 Origin and Formation 63

Part 2 The Size and Shape of Sediment 64

EXPLANATIONS 66

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 66

PHRASES 67

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 67

SUMMARy OF GLOSSARY 68

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 69

EXERCISE 69

Word Building(9)geo-;rot-;-tion 69

Chapter 10 Dams 71

Part 1 Introduction 71

Part 2 Types of Dams 71

Part 3 Forces on Dams 73

Part 4 Several Disadvantages to Dams 74

EXPLANATIONS 75

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 75

PHRASES 76

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 76

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 78

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 78

EXERCISE 78

Word Building(10)dis-;multi-;non- 79

Chapter 11 Levee 80

Part 1 Artificial Levees 80

Part 2 Natural Levees 82

Part 3 Levees in Tidal Waters 82

Part 4 Levee Failures and Breaches 82

EXPLANATIONS 83

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 83

PHRASES 84

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 85

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 86

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 86

EXERCISE 86

Word Building(11)co-;ex-;inter- 87

Chapter 12 Concrete Works 88

Part 1 Materials and Equipment for Concrete Works 88

Part 2 Properties of Concrete 90

Part 3 Workmanship 91

EXPLANATIONS 92

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 92

PHRASES 93

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 94

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 96

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 97

EXERCISE 97

Word Building(12)fin-;pre-; 97

Chapter 13 Water Environment 99

Part 1 Water Quality in Key River System 99

Part 2 Water Quality in Lakes and Reservoirs 103

Part 3 Water Quality in Ground Water 104

Part 4 Where Does Wastewater Come from? 105

EXPLANATIONS 106

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 106

PHRASES 107

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 107

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 108

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 109

EXERCISE 109

Word Building(13)-logy;un- 110

Chapter 14 Water Poilution 111

Part 1 Global Water Pollution 111

Part 2 Cause of Pollution 112

Part 3 Classifying Water Pollution 112

Part 4 Effects and Danger of Water Pollution 114

EXPLANATIONS 114

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 114

PHRASES 115

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 116

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 118

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 119

EXERCISE 119

Word Building(14)-age;ab-;a- 120

Chapter 15 Climate Change 121

Part 1 Introduction 121

Part 2 Climate Change Factors 121

EXPLANATIONS 124

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 124

PHRASES 125

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 126

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 126

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 127

EXERCISE 127

Word Building(15)ir-;in- 127

Chapter 16 Irrigation 129

Part 1 Introduction of Irrigation 129

Part 2 Application of Irrigation in Southern Alberta 130

EXPLANATIONS 131

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 131

PHRASES 131

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 132

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 133

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 133

EXERCISE 133

Word Building(16)-fication;-ly;-wise;-ward 134

Chapter 17 Irrigation Methods 135

Part 1 Surface Irrigation 135

Part 2 Subsurface Irrigation 137

Part 3 Sprinkler Irrigation 138

Part 4 Trickle Irrigation 138

EXPLANATIONS 139

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 139

PHRASES 140

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 140

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 141

EXERCISE 141

Word Building(17)im-;re- 142

Chapter 18 Irrigation Performance Evaluation 143

Part 1 Assessment of Irrigation Performance 143

Part 2 Efficient Irrigation Systems:The Flow of the Future 144

EXPLANATIONS 147

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 147

PHRASES 148

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 149

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 149

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 150

EXERCISE 150

Word Building(18)agr-;auto- 151

Chapter 19 River Closure and Diversion in Dam Construction 152

Part 1 River Closure 152

Part 2 River Diversion 153

EXPLANATIONS 154

NEW WORDSAND EXPRESSIONS 154

PHRASES 154

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 155

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 156

EXERCISE 156

Word Building(19)electr-,electri-,electro-;pro- 156

Chapter 20 Grouting 158

Part 1 Grouting—General Introduction 158

Part 2 Cavity Grouting Procedure 158

Part 3 Fissure Grouting Procedure 159

EXPLANATIONS 160

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 160

PHRASES 161

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 161

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 161

EXERCISE 162

Word Building(20)-able;counter-;-ple;uni- 162

Chapter 21 Embankment and Fills 164

Part 1 Introduction of Embankment 164

Part 2 Placing and Protecting Fill 166

EXPLANATIONS 167

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 167

PHRASES 168

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 169

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 172

EXERCISE 173

Word Building(21)-fill;-ic;-ment;under- 173

Chapter 22 Hydroelectricity and Its Characteristics 175

Part 1 General Introduction of Hydroelectricity 175

Part 2 History of Hydropower 175

Part 3 Advantages 176

Part 4 Disadvantages 177

EXPLANATIONS 178

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 178

PHRASES 178

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 179

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 180

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 181

EXERCISE 181

Word Building(22)dis-;hydro-;in-;re-;un- 182

Chapter 23 Layout of Hydropower Plants 183

Part 1 Hydroelectric Complex 183

Part 2 Reservoir 184

Part 3 Other Structures for Hydroelectric Architecture 185

Part 4 Generating Process of Hydroelectric Power 187

Part 5 Types of Hydropower Plants 188

EXPLANATIONS 189

NEWWORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 189

PHRASES 189

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 190

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 191

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 192

EXERCISE 192

Word Building(23)im- 192

Chapter 24 Main Equipment in Hydropower Plants 193

Part 1 Various Hydraulic Turbines 193

Part 2 Generator Unit 195

Part 3 Other Equipment 197

EXPLANATIONS 198

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 198

PHRASES 199

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 200

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 200

EXERCISE 201

Word Building(24)-ance;over- 201

Chapter 25 Pumped-Storage Plants 203

Part 1 General Introduction 203

Part 2 Performance 203

Part 3 History and Development 204

EXPLANATIONS 205

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 205

PHRASES 206

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 207

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 208

ABBREVIATIONS(ABBR.) 209

EXERCISE 209

Word Building(25)a-;in- 210

Chapter 26 Tidal Power Station 211

Part 1 General Introduction of Tidal Power 211

Part 2 Types of Tidal Power 212

Part 3 Off-Shore Turbines 214

EXPLANATIONS 214

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 214

PHRASES 215

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 216

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 217

EXERCISE 218

Word Building(26)anti-;inter- 218

Chapter 27 Navigation and Recreation 219

Part 1 Navigation and Service for Ships 219

Part 2 Recreation and Scenery 220

EXPLANATIONS 221

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 221

PHRASES 222

COMPLICATED SENTENCES 223

SUMMARY OF GLOSSARY 223

EXERCISE 224

Word Building(27)in- 224

Vocabulary 225

Abbreviations 258

References 260