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Unit 1 Research Projects and Writing Papers 2

Focusing on Reading 2

Text 1 Research Reports for Technical Writing 3

Research Paper Writing 10

1．Deciding on a Topic 10

2．Formulating Research Questions 13

3．Writing a Working Title 15

Academic Survival Skills 19

1．Citation 19

2．Paraphrasing 20

Unit 2 Infant Feeding Practices 32

Focusing on Reading 32

Text 2 The Impact of Urbanization and Socioeconomic Status on Infant Feeding Practices in Lagos,Nigeria 33

Research Paper Writing 45

1．Searching for Reliable Sources 45

2．Finding Information from Sources 49

3．Scanning and Skimming for Information 50

4．Turning Subheadings into Questions 52

5．Interpreting the Titles of Tables/Figures 53

6．Identifying Topic Sentences for a General Idea 54

7．Taking Notes 55

Academic Survival Skills 56

1．Direct Quotation 56

2．Summarizing 59

Unit 3 Academic Dishonesty on Campus 68

Focusing on Reading 68

Text 3 Academic Dishonesty-Team Effort against It 69

Research Paper Writing 80

1．Understanding Elements of a Successful Literature Review 80

2．Being Critical in Writing a Literature Review 81

3．Identifying the Author's Attitude 89

4．Writing Two Types of Literature Reviews 92

5．Using Appropriate Tense in Literature Review 97

6．Writing an Introduction Section 98

Academic Survival Skills 105

1．Synthesizing 105

2．Reporting Verbs 113

Unit 4 Hazards of GMFs 116

Focusing on Reading 116

Text 4 Influence of Genetically Modif ied Soya on the Birth-Weight and Survival of Rat Pups 117

Research Paper Writing 128

1．Writing a Methods Section 128

2．Writing a Results Section 134

3．Using Tables and Figures Effectively 137

4．Using Correct Tenses in Reporting Results 139

Academic Survival Skills 140

1．Formality 140

2．Academic Tone 141

3．The Use of Nominalization 141

4．Passive Sentences 144

5．The Use of Single,Formal Verbs 145

Unit 5 Scientific Fraud 150

Focusing on Reading 150

Text 5 Fraud in Medical Research：An International Survey of Biostatisticians 151

Research Paper Writing 161

1．Writing the Conclusion Section 161

2．Writing an Abstract 172

3．Using the Correct Tense,Voice and Language 174

Academic Survival Skills 177

1．Hedging 177

2．In-Text Citation 180

3．References Lists 181

Unit 6 The Effects of Food Deprivation 188

Focusing on Reading 188

Text 6 The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance 189

Research Paper Writing 200

1．Oral Presentation 200

2．Poster Presentation 210

Academic Survival Skills 214

Appendix 221

Appendix Ⅰ Abstracts 221

Appendix Ⅱ Sample Test Paper 223

Appendix Ⅲ Sample Paper 225

Appendix Ⅳ Evaluation Form for Oral Presentation 229

Appendix Ⅴ Glossary 230