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Section Ⅰ Motor Vehicle Basics 1

Chapter 1 Introduction of Motor Vehicles 1

1.1 Definition of Motor Vehicles 1

1.2 Parts and Systems of Motor Vehicles 1

1.2.1 Basic Parts and Systems 1

1.2.2 Working Equipment 3

1.3 Motor Vehicles and Society 7

1.3.1 Promoting the Development of Social Economy 7

1.3.2 Accelerating the Road Transportation 8

1.3.3 Improving the Quality of Life 8

1.3.4 Influencing Ecological Environment 9

1.3.5 Building Harmony of Motor Vehicles and Society 12

Reading Material 16

Chapter 2 Classification of Motor Vehicles 18

2.1 Functions 18

2.1.1 Cars 18

2.1.2 Buses 20

2.1.3 Off-Road Vehicles 21

2.1.4 Trucks 21

2.1.5 Truck-Tractors 22

2.1.6 Recreational Vehicles 22

2.1.7 Racing Cars 22

2.1.8 Vehicles for Special Transportation 22

2.1.9 Vehicles for Special Work 23

2.1.10 Agricultural Vehicles 23

2.2 Energy Resources 25

2.2.1 Conventional Vehicles 25

2.2.2 All-Electric Vehicles 25

2.2.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicles 26

2.2.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles 26

2.3 Body Types 26

2.3.1 Sedans 26

2.3.2 Hardtops 26

2.3.3 Hatchbacks 26

2.3.4 Convertibles 27

2.3.5 Vans 27

2.3.6 Station Wagons 27

2.3.7 Sport Utility Vehicles 27

2.3.8 Pickup Trucks 27

Reading Material 29

Section Ⅱ Motor Vehicle Development 32

Chapter 3 History of Motor Vehicles 32

3.1 History of Foreign Automobiles 32

3.1.1 Steam Powered Vehicles 32

3.1.2 Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles 33

3.2 History of Chinese Automobiles 36

3.3 Progress of Motor Vehicles 38

Reading Material 40

Chapter 4 Future of Motor Vehicles 43

4.1 Lightweight Light Weight 43

4.1.1 Alloys 44

4.1.2 Plastic and Polymers 45

4.1.3 Composite Materials 47

4.2 Intelligence Smart Vehides 51

4.2.1 Safety Technologies 51

4.2.2 Automatic Technologies 52

4.3 Saving Energy 54

4.3.1 Design of Structures 54

4.3.2 Diversity for Fuels 55

4.4 Green Vehicles 56

4.4.1 Alternative Fuel Vehicles 56

4.4.2 Electric Vehicles 56

4.4.3 Solar Vehicles 57

Reading Material 59

Section Ⅲ Motor Vehicle Culture 61

Chapter 5 Notabilities of Motor Vehicles 61

5.1 Nicolaus August Otto 61

5.1.1 Otto's First Engine 61

5.1.2 Partnership with Langen 62

5.1.3 The Four-Stroke Engine 62

5.2 Karl Friedrich Benz and Gottlieb Daimler 63

5.2.1 Karl Friedrich Benz 63

5.2.2 Gottlieb Daimler 65

5.3 Henry Ford and William Crapo Durant 67

5.3.1 Henry Ford 67

5.3.2 William Crapo Durant 69

5.4 Kiichiro Toyoda 72

5.4.1 The Great Exploration 72

5.4.2 The Toyota Motor Corporation 72

5.4.3 Toyota Production Systems 73

Reading Material 75

Chapter 6 Famous Vehicle Industrial Groups 76

6.1 Automotive Groups 76

6.1.1 European Automotive Groups 76

6.1.2 American Automotive Groups 81

6.1.3 Asian Automotive Groups 83

6.2 Heavy Vehicle Companies 89

6.2.1 Caterpillar Corporation 89

6.2.2 Terex Corporation 90

6.2.3 CNH Industrial Group 91

6.2.4 John Deere Company 93

6.2.5 Sany Heavy Industries Company 94

Reading Material 97

Chapter 7 Automotive Fashion 99

7.1 Automotive Recreation 99

7.1.1 Automobile Clubs 99

7.1.2 Cars and Movies 100

7.2 Automotive Exhibitions 101

7.2.1 Automotive Shows 101

7.2.2 Concept Vehicles 103

7.3 Automotive Cities 105

7.3.1 Detroit 105

7.3.2 Toyota City 105

7.3.3 Stuttgart 106

7.3.4 Turin 106

7.3.5 Wolfsburg 107

7.3.6 Tokyo 107

7.3.7 Paris 107

7.3.8 Birmingham 108

7.3.9 Rüsselsheim 108

7.3.10 Boulogne-Billancourt 108

Reading Material 111

Section Ⅳ Motor Vehicle Structure 113

Chapter 8 Internal Combustion Engines 113

8.1 Engine Operation 113

8.2 Engine Classifications 114

8.2.1 Fuel Type 114

8.2.2 Cooling System Types 115

8.2.3 Cylinder Arrangements 115

8.2.4 Valve Locations 115

8.3 Construction of Engines 117

8.3.1 The Engine Bottom End 117

8.3.2 The Engine Top End 119

8.3.3 The Engine Front End 122

8.4 Subsystems of Engines 124

8.4.1 Fuel Injection Systems 124

8.4.2 Ignition Systems 126

8.4.3 Starting Systems 129

8.4.4 Exhaust Systems 131

8.4.5 Cooling Systems 134

8.4.6 Lubrication Systems 135

Reading Material 138

Chapter 9 Drive Trains 140

9.1 Clutches 140

9.1.1 Functional Description 140

9.1.2 Structure and Working Principles 140

9.2 Transmissions 142

9.2.1 Manual Transmission 143

9.2.2 Automatic Gearboxes 144

9.3 Transfer Cases 146

9.4 Propeller Shafts 147

9.5 Drive Axles 150

Reading Material 152

Chapter 10 Steering Systems 154

10.1 Basic Parts of Steering Systems 154

10.2 Types of Steering Gears 156

Reading Material 159

Chapter 11 Suspension Systems 161

11.1 Types of Suspension Systems 161

11.2 Suspension System Components 163

Reading Material 167

Chapter 12 Brake Systems 169

12.1 Types of Brake Systems 169

12.2 Brake System Components 170

12.3 Anti-Lock Brake Systems 172

12.3.1 Principles of ABS 172

12.3.2 Components 173

Reading Material 176

Chapter 13 Electrical and Electronic Systems 178

13.1 Charging Systems 178

13.1.1 Alternators 178

13.1.2 Voltage Regulators 179

13.2 Lishting Systems 179

13.2.1 Front Lights 179

13.2.2 Rear Lights 180

13.2.3 Lateral Lights 181

13.2.4 Inside Lights 181

13.2.5 Emergency Lights 182

13.3 Power Window Systems 184

13.4 Cruise Control Systems 186

13.4.1 Cruise Control System Functions 186

13.4.2 Cruise Control System Control 187

13.4.3 Adaptive Cruise Control 188

13.5 Antitheft Systems 189

Reading Material 191

Section Ⅴ Maintenance and Repair 192

Chapter 14 Maintenance and Cosmetology 192

14.1 Automobile Maintenance 192

14.2 Automobile Cosmetology 195

Reading Material 199

Chapter 15 Diagnosis and Troubleshooting 201

15.1 Diagnosis Systems 201

15.1.1 Diagnostic Functions 201

15.1.2 Fail-Safe Functions 203

15.1.3 Back-Up Functions 203

15.1.4 Diagnosis of Engines 203

15.2 Troubleshooting 205

Reading Material 207

Section Ⅵ Marketing and Service 209

Chapter 16 Auto Marketing 209

16.1 How to Become a Great Auto Salesman 210

16.1.1 Qualifications Required 210

16.1.2 How to Sell Autos 211

16.2 Owning an Auto Dealership Franchise 213

Reading Material 217

Chapter 17 Aftermarket 218

17.1 Auto Accessories and Insurance 218

17.1.1 Auto Accessories 218

17.1.2 Auto Insurance 218

17.2 Auto Boutique and Modification 221

17.2.1 Auto Boutique 221

17.2.2 Auto Tuning 222

17.3 Used Cars and Car Rental 222

17.3.1 Used Cars 222

17.3.2 Car Rental 222

Reading Material 224

Abbreviations 227

References 237