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第一章 专业英语基础 1

第一节 专业英语的语法特点 1

第二节 专业英语的文体结构特点 7

第三节 专业英语的词汇特点 13

第四节 专业英语的语篇特点 15

第二章 专业英语翻译概论 18

第一节 翻译过程 18

第二节 专业英语翻译的基本方法 19

第三节 专业术语的翻译 27

第四节 专业英语中数量的翻译 28

第三章 英语专业论文写作及发表 31

第一节 论文的主要内容 31

第二节 论文写作及投稿 39

第四章 专业阅读材料选编 54

Unit 1 Introduction to Refrigeration＆Cryogenics 55

Unit 2 Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Laws 60

1．The Nature of Thermodynamics 60

2．Thermodynamic Laws 61

3．The Second Law of Thermodynamics 62

4．Probability and Entropy 62

5．Entropy and the Third Law 64

6．Heat Transfer 65

7．Temperature Scales and Absolute Zero 66

Unit 3 Instrumentation 69

1．Instrumentation 69

2．Thermocouple Thermometry 70

Unit 4 Machines 73

1．Compressor 73

2．The Brakes 74

3．Rockets 76

4．A Ship's Propeller 77

Unit 5 Definitions and Usage of CRYOGENICS 79

Unit 6 Features＆Applications of Cryogenic Engineering 84

1．Features of Cryogenic Engineering 84

2．Hydrogen and Oxygen for Rocket Propellants 87

3．Cryogenics in Space 89

Unit 7 Air Separation 91

1．Air Separation 91

2．Equipments for Large Air Separation Plants 93

Unit8 Cryobiology 98

1．An Introduction to Cryobiology 98

2．Aim and History of Freeze-Drying 99

3．Medical and Biological Applications 102

Unit 9 Cryosurgery: state of the art and perspectives in 2001 104

Ⅰ．Introduction 104

Ⅱ．Key Clinical Applications 105

Ⅲ．Cryosurgery in the Third Millennium 107

Unit 10 LNG 109

1．An Introduction to LNG 109

2．Storage of LNG 110

3．Liquefaction of Natural Gas 111

Unit 11 Refrigeration 112

1．Refrigeration 112

2．The Ideal Basic Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle 113

3．Refrigerant Evaporators 116

4．Absorption Refrigeration 117

Unit 12 Ventilation 118

1．Fundamentals of Industrial Ventilation 118

2．Comfort Ventilation 119

3．Roof Ventilators 121

4．Propagation of Gases and Vapors in Indoor Air 122

Unit 13 Comfort and Heating 124

1．Comfort and Discomfort 124

2．Ceiling Heating 125

3．Underfloor Heating 127

4．Text Heating by Steam and High-pressure Hot Water 127

5．Network Planning 129

Unit 14 Environmental Problems 132

1．Environmental Problems 132

2．Thermal Pollution 133

3．Facts about the Earth's Ozone Layer 134

Unit 15 Liquid Helium 141

1．Introduction to Liquid Helium 141

2．Liquid Helium in Space 143

Unit 16 Introduction to Superconductivity 148

1．Introduction to Superconductivity 148

2．The History of Superconductors 152

Unit 17 Application of Superconductivity 156

Unit 18 Cryogenic Materials 162

第五章　实用写作范例选编 169

Unit 1 Scholarship or Job Application Material 170

1．Cover Letter and Resume 170

2．Personal statement 173

3．Letters of Recommendation 176

4．Examples of Studentship and Job Open 177

Unit 2 Application Form for Research Grants 181

Unit 3 International Collaboration 187

1．Institute-Industry 187

2．Institute-Institute Agreement of Scientific＆Technical Collaboration 190

Unit 4 Research Information 192

1．Introduction of Research Programs 192

2．Research Summary Report 193

3．Example of the Website of a Research Organization 195

Unit 5 Research＆Awards News Release 197

1．Magnetic Refrigeration 197

2．Radebaugh Receives Vance Award 198

Unit 6 Conference Information 200

1．First Circular and Call for Papers of ICCR'2003 200

2．Opening Address at ICCR' 2003 203

3．Closing Address at ICCR' 2003 204

4．Report on the First International Workshop on Thermoacoustics 205

5．Poster or Oral Presentation for a Conference 208

Unit 7 User's Manuals of the Instruments 212

附录1　常用数学符号及一些数学式的读法 223

附录2　化学元素表 233

附录3　一些常用的前缀和后缀 235

参考文献 236