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Unit One Tourism in China 1

Ⅰ．Reading Materiais 1

1．China—A Tourist Attraction 1

2．Beijing Today and Yesterday 1

Contents 1

3．The Great Wall 4

4．The Temple of Heaven 5

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 7

Ⅲ．Language Notes 14

1．“世界第八奇观” 14

2．“解放”怎么译？ 14

3．表示地理位置的介词in,to和of 14

4．一些中国特有的词组、用语的翻译 14

5．地名的译法 14

（1）Road,street,avenue,boulevard,lane,alley,thoroughfare,expressway, 15

9．同义词、近义词辨析 15

freeway 15

6．口译时中国计量单位的换算 15

8．倍数表达法 15

7．Beijing还是Peking？ 15

（2）Construction,building,structure 16

（3）Site,scene,locale 16

（4）Pillar,column 16

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 18

1．口译课的目的 18

2．口译课的特点 18

3．记忆力是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功 19

（1）Mass Participation and the Nationwide Fitness Campaign 21

1．Sports in China 21

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 21

Unif Two Sports 21

（2）Physical Education and Research in Sports Sciences 23

（3）Growing Exchanges 23

2．Traditional Sports 23

（1）Wushu 24

（2）Qigong 25

3．Beijing,a Host City of the Olympiad 25

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 26

Ⅲ．Language Notes 36

1．Record一词的搭配法 36

2．得冠军、得奖牌的表达法 36

3．体育运动中的“实力”、“强项”怎么译？ 36

5．“体育”用来修饰其他名词时，英语可用sports或sporting表达 37

4．“黑马”为什么是“dark”horse？ 37

6．“运动员”的表达法 38

7．“排名第……”怎么说？ 38

8．同义词、近义词辨析 38

（1）Physique,constitution 38

（2）Practice,exercise［1］ 39

（3）Facility,equipment 39

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 40

数字的汉英互译是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功 40

1．数字的笔录 40

2．数字的译法和读法 40

（1）整数的译法和读法 40

（2）小数的译法和读法 41

（3）分数、代分数的译法和读法 41

（4）百分数的译法和读法 42

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 43

1．Education in China 43

（1）Major Types of Education in China 43

Unit Three Education 43

（2）International Exchange and Cooperation 45

2．Education towards the 21st Century 46

（1）Essential-Quality-Oriented(EQO)Education 47

（2）High-Level Creative Talent Development Project 47

（3）Modern Distance Education and Lifelong Learning 48

（4）Project of Commercializing High and New Technologies Developed 49

in HEIs 49

3 The New Zhejiang University 49

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 51

2．School一词的搭配法 60

Ⅲ．Language Notes 60

1．Education一词的搭配法 60

3．“举办”、“主办”怎么译？ 61

4．“培养（人才）”怎么译？ 61

5．Program一词的意思 62

6．我国常见政策等简称的参考译法 62

7．同义词、近义词辨析 63

（1）Law,rule,regulation 63

（2）Class,course 63

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 65

口译的类型和标准 65

Unit Four Women and Children 67

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 67

1．Chinese Women Holding Up Haif the Sky 67

（1）Women s Participation in Political Affairs 68

（3）Women s Role in Domains of Science and Technology 69

（2）Women s Involvement in Industrial and Agricultural Production 69

（4）Education for Women 70

2．Chinese Laws Protect Minors 70

（1）Guiding Principles for the Protection of Minors 71

（2）Protection in the Family 71

（3）Protection in School 71

（4）Protection in Society 72

（5）Judicial Protection 72

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 73

Ⅲ．Language Notes 79

1．构成百分比的表达法 79

2．“平等”、“不平等”如何表达？ 79

5．“聋哑和智残儿童”的一种新的表达法 80

6．一些职务的参考译法 80

3．“参政”、“参与国事”怎么译？ 80

4．-minded和-spirited构成的复合词 80

7．同义词、近义词辨析 81

（1）Emancipation,Iiberation 81

（2）Eradicate,eliminate,uproot,exterminate,wipe out 82

（3）Deputy,delegate,representative 83

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 84

记笔记是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功 84

Unit Five The Elderly and the Family 87

1．Reading Materials 87

1．Characteristics of the Aging of Population in China 87

2．The Work on Aging in China 87

（2）Family Life 89

3．The Chinese Family and Family Life 89

（1）Family Patterns 89

（3）The Five-Good Family Campaign 90

4．Traditional Ethics and Contemporary Marriage 90

（1）Traditional Ethics 90

（2）Marriage and Divorce 91

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 93

Ⅲ．Language Notes 98

1．Standard一词的搭配法 98

2．Change一词的搭配法 98

5．我国政权机关各级地区的参考译法 99

6．同义词、近义词辨析 99

（1）City,municipality,town,township 99

4．“……岁以上／以下”的表达法 99

3．“老人”怎么译？ 99

（2）Family,household 100

（3）Alter,change 100

（4）Movement,campaign 100

（5）Obiigation,duty 101

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 102

如何记笔记 102

Unit Six Population and Deveiopment 107

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 107

1．China:A Developing Country with the Largest Population in the World 107

2．General Characteristics of China s Population 107

（1）Predominantly Rural Population 107

（2）Uneven Population Distribution 107

（1）Strict Control of Population Growth and Family Planning 108

3．Family Planning in China 108

（4）A Slight Increase in the Population of Ethnic Groups 108

（3）A Large Base Figure with an Increasing Aging Population 108

（2）Publicity and Education 109

（3）Economic Incentives 110

（4）Technical Guidance in Birth Control 111

4．Achievements Accomplished since the Implementation of Family 111

Planning Program 111

（1）Excessive Population Growth Brought under Effective Control 111

（2）Marked Improvement in Level of Education 112

5．Further Practice of Family Planning Needed 112

Challenges to Be Faced in the Next Few Decades 113

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 114

1．Population一词的搭配法 119

2．“达到（数字）“怎么译？ 119

Ⅲ．Language Notes 119

3．“照顾”怎么译？ 120

4．“考虑”怎么译？ 120

5．“宣传”、“传播”、“普及”、“推广”怎么译？ 121

6．Achieve作及物动词的种种用法 122

7．百分率（percent）与百分点（percentage point） 122

8．同义词、近义词辨析 123

（1）Allot,allocate,distribute 123

（2）Ensure,guarantee 123

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 125

1．如何做数字的笔记 125

2．笼统数字的译法 126

3．对“序数”提问的译法 126

1．China—A Nation of Many Ethnic Groups 127

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 127

Unit Seven China s Minority Ethnic Groups 127

2．China s Policies on Ethnic Peoples 128

3．China s 56 Ethnic Groups 129

4．The Dernocratic Reformn,Socialist Transformation,and Ethnic Autonomy 131

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 133

Ⅲ．Language Notes 142

1．Unity一词的搭配法 142

2．Movement一词的搭配法 142

3．“民族”、“少数民族”怎么译？ 142

4．Practice做及物动词的种种用法 142

5．表示“享有”的enjoy 143

6．同义词、近义词辨析 143

（1）Unity,solidarity 143

（3）Characteristic,feature 144

（2）Relation,relationship 144

（4）Decide,determine 145

（5）Historic,historical 145

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 146

译员的素质 146

Unit Eight Religion 147

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 147

1．Religious Beliefs of the Peoples in China 147

（1）Buddhism 147

（2）Taoism 148

（3）Isiam 149

（4）Catholicism 150

（5）Protestantism 151

2．China’s Policy on Religious Belief 151

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 153

Ⅲ．Language Notes 162

1．Influence一词的搭配法 162

2．Activity一词的搭配法 163

3．Policy一词的搭配法 163

4．“恢复”怎么译？ 164

5．同义词、近义词辨析 165

（1）Influence,impact 165

（2）Abrogate,abolish 165

（3）Declare,announce,proclaim 166

（4）Compel,force 166

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 167

口译使用的语言 167

1．China s Heaith Work 169

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 169

Unit Nine Medicine 169

2．Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） 170

3．Theoretic Framework,Diagnosis and Pharmacology of TCM 171

4．Beijing Friendship Hospital 174

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 175

Ⅲ．Language Notes 187

1．Network一词的搭配法 187

2．Regulation一词的搭配法 187

3．Result一词的搭配法 187

4．“病人”的表达法 188

5．增、减、获得、产生、损坏“抵抗力”的表达法 188

6．Cover表示“支付”的用法 189

7．Develop一词的多种含义 189

8．-conscious构成的复合词 190

10．“机关”、“机构”怎么译？ 191

9．“上升”和“下降”的表达法 191

11．同义词、近义词辨析 192

（1）Hygiene,sanitation 192

（2）Spread,disseminate,propagate 192

（3）Disease,sickness,illness,ailment,maiady 193

（4）Effect,result,consequence,outcome 194

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 195

口语体语音、语法、词汇和句子结构的特点 195

1．语音层次 195

2．语法和句法层次 195

3．词汇层次 197

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 199

1．Industry in China:An Overview 199

Unit Ten Industry 199

（1）Heavy Industry 200

（2）Space Industry 201

（3）Light Industry 202

2．Haier Striving to Create Global Brand Name 203

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 205

Ⅲ．Language Notes 213

1．System一词的搭配法 213

2．“生产”、“产量”、“产品”的各种表达法 213

3．Operation一词的意思 215

4．Capacity一词的意思 215

5．日本人名的译法值得特别注意 216

6．同义词、近义词辨析 216

（1）Factory,plant,works,mill,complex 216

（2）Foundation,base,basis 216

（3）Energy,power 217

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 219

口译译员的理解问题 219

Unit Eleven Agriculture and Rural Economy 221

Ⅰ．Reading Materiais 221

1．China s Rural Reform 221

（1）Agriculture—the Foundation of China s Economic Development 221

（2）Ups and Downs in China s Agricultural Production 221

（3）Policies and Measures for Rural Reform 222

（4）The Household Contract Responsibiilty System 223

（5）The Second Period of the Rural Reform from 1985 Onward 223

2．Food Security in China 224

（1）New China Has Solved the Problem of Feeding Its People 224

（3）China Can Ensure Food Security Relying on Domestic Production 226

（2）Future Food Demand in China 226

3．Township Enterprises 227

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 229

Ⅲ．Language Notes 234

1．Attention一词的搭配法 234

2．Measure一词的搭配法 234

3．“提高”的表达法 235

4．增产／减产的表达法 236

5．Food security和food safety 237

6．“农药”的译法 237

7．“品种”的译法 237

8．“水果蔬菜”的译法 237

9．同义词、近义词辨析 237

（1）Peasant,farmer 237

（2）Agricuiture,farming 238

译员对说话人以及自己错误的处理 239

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 239

Unit Twelve Foreign Trade and Special Economic Zones 241

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 241

1．China s Foreign Economic Reiations and Trade 241

2．China s Accession to WTO and Participation in Economic Globalization 243

3．Special Economic Zones in China 244

4．Shanghai s Pudong New Zone 245

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 246

Ⅲ．Language Notes 255

1．Trade一词的搭配法 255

2．Market一词的搭配法 255

3．Profit一词的搭配法 256

4．“参加”、“参与”怎么译？ 257

5．动词expand的用法 257

6．动词invoive的意思 258

7．动词feature的意思 259

8．同义词、近义词辨析 259

（1）Figure,number 259

（2）Help,aid,assist 260

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 261

译员的文化交流意识 261

Unit Thirteen Science and Technoiogy 263

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 263

1．Development of Science and Technology in China 263

2．Take a New Road to Industrialization and Implement the Strategy of 264

Developing the Country by Relying on Science and Education and 264

That of Sustainable Development 264

3．Information Technoiogy(IT)Industry in China 265

4．Contributions by Ancient China 266

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 268

Ⅲ．Language Notes 274

1．Plan一词的搭配法 274

2．Level一词的搭配法 274

3．Ability一词的搭配法 275

4．“科研机构／单位”、“科研人员”的表达法 275

5．“单位”怎么译？ 276

6．同义词、近义词辨析 276

（1）Institute,institution 276

（2）Technique,technology 277

（3）Personnel,staff,employee,human resources 277

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 280

口译译员的应变能力 280

（2）Establishment of Diversified Ownerships 281

（1）Introduction 281

1．Economic Development in China 281

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 281

Unit Fourteen Economic Development and Reform 281

（3）Better Coordinated Economic Structure 282

（4）Economic Restructuring 282

2．China s 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005) 283

（1）Proposal for Formulating the 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)for 283

National Economic and Social Development 283

（2）Guiding Principles of the Outline of the 10th Five-Year Pian 284

3．Private Sector 285

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 287

Ⅲ．Language Notes 294

1．Reform一词的搭配法 294

2．Goal一词的搭配法 294

4．“改革开放”、“改革开放以来”的表达法 295

3．Effort（s）一词的搭配法 295

5．“个体和私营经济成分”为什么译做private sector？ 296

6．“加快”、“加速”怎么译？ 296

7．“坚持”怎么译？ 296

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 299

口译译员应具有良好的口头表达能力 299

Unit Fifteen Environmental Protection 301

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 301

1．Environmental Protection in China 301

（1）Guiding Principles,Policies,Laws and Measures for Environmental 301

Protection 301

（2）The Environmental Situation in China Today 302

（3）Environmental Protection in Various Fields 303

2．China s Position on Environmental Protection 304

Environmental Protection 304

（4）Education to Raise the Nation s Awareness of the Importance of 304

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 306

Ⅲ．Language Notes 314

1．Cooperation一词的搭配法 314

2．Development一词的搭配法 314

3．Problem一词的搭配法 315

4．Management一词的搭配法 316

5．表示“恶化”的degradation和deterioration 317

6．同义词、近义词辨析 318

（1）Area,region,zone,beif 318

（2）Contamination,pollution 319

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 320

口译译员应通晓外事社交礼节，遵守涉外行为规范 320

1．The International Situation and Our External Work 323

Unit Sixteen China s Foreign Policy 323

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 323

2．China s Independent Foreign Policy of Peace 325

3．China s Proposition on the Establishment of a New International 327

Political and Economic Order 327

4．China s Perception of the Current International Situation 328

5．China s View on the Development of MultiPolarity 329

6．China s Stand on South-South Cooperation 330

7．Asia-Europe Cooperation 330

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 333

Ⅲ．Language Notes 342

1．Relation一词的搭配法 342

2．Principle一词的搭配法 342

3．Friendship一词的搭配法 343

4．“主张”怎么译？ 344

5．“维护”怎么译？ 345

6．“重视”、“注意”怎么译？ 346

7．“反对”怎么译？ 348

8．“遵守”、“遵循”、“遵照”怎么译？ 348

9．“实现”怎么译？ 349

10．“矛盾”怎么译？ 350

11．同义词、近义词辨析 351

（1）Reciprocal,mutual,common 351

（2）Opportunity,chance 352

（3）Interference,intervention 353

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 354

礼仪、接待套语的口译 354

2．The Relationship between the Central Government and the Hong Kong 359

(HKSAR and MSAR) 359

and Macao Special Administrative Regions 359

3．Taiwan 359

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 359

Policles towards Hong Kong,Macao,and Talwan 359

Unit Seventeen 359

1．Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions 359

（1）The Policy of Peaceful Reunification;One Country,Two Systems 360

（2）The Chinese Government s Position and Policy on Matters Related 361

to Taiwan 361

（3）A Step-by-Step Way of Officially Ending the State of Hostility between 363

the Two Sides and Accomplishing a Peaceful Reunification of the 363

Motherland 363

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions 366

1．Sovereignty一词的搭配法 370

2．Negotiation一词的搭配法 370

Ⅲ．Language Notes 370

3．Tie（s）一词的搭配法 371

4．Agreement一词的搭配法 371

5．Understanding一词的搭配法 372

6．“问题”怎么译？ 372

7．“按照”、“根据”怎么译？ 375

8．同义词、近义词辨析 377

（1）Practice,exercise［2］ 377

（2）Resolve,solve 377

（3）Inheritance,heritage,legacy 378

（4）Whole,entire,all,totall 378

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 380

成语、谚语的译法 380

Ⅰ．Reading Materials 383

1．Beijing Opera 383

Unit Eighteen Cuiture 383

2．Chinese Music 385

3．Chinese Literature 386

4．Chinese Painting 387

5．Calligraphy 389

6．Acrobatics 389

7．Arts and Crafts 390

8．Mass Media in China 391

（1）Newspapers 391

（2）Radio 391

（3）Television 392

（4）Films 392

Ⅱ Words and Expressions 394

2．Reputation一词的搭配法 406

Ⅲ．Language Notes 406

1．Achievement一词的搭配法 406

3．Information一词的搭配法 407

4．日期、数字前面的c.表示什么？ 408

5．“景泰蓝”名称的由来 408

6．同义词、近义词辨析 408

（1）Entertainment,amusernent,recreation 408

（2）Restrain,restrict 409

（3）Correspordent,reporter,journalist,newsman 409

（4）Film(s),movie(s),cinema 410

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting 411

值得口译译员注意的汉、英文体差异 411

相关网址 413

参考书目 416