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出版说明 1

前言 1

Part 1 Fundamentals of Computers 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 1

1.1 Inception of Computers 1

1.2 History of Computers 1

目录 1

1.3.1 First Generation(1940-1956):Vacuum Tubes 2

1.3.2 Second Generation(1956-1963):Transistors 2

1.3 The Five Generations of Computers 2

1.3.3 Third Generation(1964-1971):Integrated Circuits 3

1.3.4 Fourth Generation(1971-Present):Microprocessors 3

1.3.5 Fifth Generation(Present and Beyond):Artificial Intelligence 4

1.4 Types of Computers 4

New Words and Phrases 7

Compuer Terms 8

Grammar 专业英语概述 9

Exercises………………………………………………………………………………………1OReference Translation 11

The Great ENIAC 16

Reading Materials 16

2.1 The Von Neumann Model of the PC 18

2.2 Computer System Basics 18

Chapter 2 Computer System Basics 18

2.2.1 Computer Hardware 19

2.2.2 Computer Software 20

2.2.3 Computer Network 22

Computer Terms 23

Grammar英汉翻译基础 23

New Words and Phrases 23

Exercises 24

Reference Translation 25

Reading Materials 29

Who Invented the Computer? 29

chapter 3 Computers Architecture 30

3.1 The Motherboard 30

3.2 Memory 31

3.2.1 RAM 31

3.3 CPU 32

3.2.3 PROM 32

3.2.2 ROM 32

3.3.1 ALU 33

3.3.2 CU 33

3.4 Input and Output 33

3.4.1 Expansion Slot and Cards 34

3.4.2 Expansion Ports and Cables 34

New Words and Phrases 35

Computer Terms 36

Exercises 37

Grammar词汇的理解与表达 37

Reference Translation 38

Reading Materials 43

Mass Storage-Future Trends 43

Chapter 4 Input and Output Devices 44

4.1 Input Devices 44

4.1.1 Keyboard 44

4.1.2 Mouse 45

4.1.3 Touch Screen 46

4.1.5 Scanners 47

4.1.4 Voice Recognition Devices 47

4.2 Output Devices 48

4.2.1 Monitors 48

4.2.2 Printers 48

4.3 Storage Devices 49

4.3.1 Floppy Diskettes 50

4.3.2 Hard Disk Drives 50

4.3.3 Optical Storage Devices 51

New Words and Phrases 51

Grammar名词的翻译 53

Computer Terms 53

Exercises 54

Reference Translation 55

Reading Material 61

Versatile Carrier of Information——CD-ROM 61

Chapter 5 CPU 63

5.1 Overview of CPU 63

5.2 Performance Factors of CPU 64

5.3 Development of CPU 65

New Words and Phrases 67

Computer Terms 68

Grammar代词和数词的翻译 69

Exercises 70

Reference Translation 71

Reading Materials 75

The Manufacturing Process of CPU 75

Chapter 6 Building a Computer 77

New Words and Phrases 80

Computer Terms 81

Grammar词性的转换 82

Exercises 83

Reference Translation 84

Reading Materials 87

What Should Happen to the Old Computers 87

Pant 2 Computers Software 89

Chapter 7 Computer Software Dasics 89

7.1 Computer Programs 89

7.2 Computer Software and Categories 90

7.2.2 Application Software 91

7.3 Software Piracy 91

7.2.1 System Software 91

New Words and Phrases 93

Computer Terms 94

Grammar句子成分的转换 94

Exercises 95

Reference Translation 96

Reading Materials 99

Are Copyrights Fair? 99

8.2 Subcategories of System Software 101

8.1 What Is System Software? 101

Chapter 8 System Software 101

8.2.1 Operating SyStem 102

8.2.2 Utilities 102

8.2.3 Device Driver 103

8.2.4 Language Translator 103

8.3 Popular Operating Systems 103

8.3.1 DOS 103

8.3.2 Windows 104

8.3.3 UNIX and Linux 104

8.3.4 Mac OS 105

New Words and Phrases 106

Grammar增减翻译法 107

Computer Terms 107

Exercises 109

Reference Translation 109

Reading Materials 114

The Personal Computer Era:Apple,DOS and Deyond 114

Chapter 9 Application Software 116

9.1 Document Production Software 116

9.1.1 Word Processing Software 116

9.1.3 Web Authoring Software 117

9.1.2 Desktop Publishing Software 117

9.2 Spreadsheet Software 118

9.3 Database Software 118

9.4 Education and Training Software 119

New Words and Phrases 120

Computer Terms 121

Grammar被动语态的翻译 121

Exercises 122

Reference Translation 123

Origin of Word Processing 126

Reading Materials 126

10.1 Computer Programming 128

10.2 Algorithm 128

Chapler 10 Computer Programming 128

10.3 Control Structure 129

10.3.1 Sequence Control 129

10.3.2 Selection Control 129

10.3.3 Repetition Control 131

10.4 Programming Language 131

10.4.2 High-level Language 132

10.4.1 Low-level Language 132

10.4.3 Compiled 133

10.4.4 Interpreted 133

10.4.5 Object-oriented 133

10.4.6 Scripiing 134

New Words and Phrases 134

Computer Terms 135

Grammar否定句的翻译 136

Exercises 137

Reference Translation 138

Reading Materials 143

History of Algorithm 143

Chapter11 Software Engineering 144

11.1 Software Engineering 144

11.1.1 Importance of Software Engineering 144

11.1.2 Current Directions for Software Engineering 144

11.2 Evolution of Software Engineering 146

11.3.1 Comparing Programming 147

11.3 Comparing Related Fields 147

11.3.2 Comparing Computer Science 148

11.3.3 Comparing Traditional Engineering 148

11.4 Project Lifecycle 148

11.4.1 Waterfall Model 149

11.4.2 Spiral Model 149

11.4.3 Prototyping 149

New Words and Phrases 150

Computer Terms 151

Grammar名词性从句的翻译 152

Exercises 154

Reference Translation 155

Reading Materials 160

Methodologies and Processes 160

Part 3 Computer Application 161

Chapter12 Data Communication 161

12.1 What Is Data Communication 161

12.2 Characteristics of Communications Channels 161

12.2.1 Bandwidth 161

12.2.3 Direction of Transmission 162

12.2.2 Data Transfer Rate 162

12.2.4 Transmission Modes:Asynchronous and Synchronous 163

12.3 Communication Media 163

12.3.1 Twisted-pair Cable 163

12.3.2 Coaxial Cable 164

12.3.3 Fiber Cable 165

12.3.4 Radio and Infrared Links 165

12.3.5 Microwave and Satellite Links 166

12.4.4 Bluetooth 167

12.4.3 GSM 167

12.4.2 ADSL 167

12.4.1 ISDN 167

12.4 Some Popular Data Communication New Technologies 167

12.4.5 CDMA 168

New Words and Phrases 168

Computer Terms 170

Grammar定语从句的翻译 171

Exercises 172

Reference Translation 173

Privacy Protection in Data Communication Systems 179

Reading Materials 179

Chapter 13 Computer Networks 181

13.1 What Is a Network? 181

13.2 How Does a Network Work? 181

13.3 Categories of Networks 182

13.3.1 Circuit Switched Networks 182

13.3.2 Packet Switched Networks 182

13.4 Topologies 183

13.5 Protocols 184

13.5.1 Physical Protocols 184

13.5.2 Logical Protocols 185

13.6 Network Structure 186

13.7 Network Personalities 186

13.7.1 Peer-to-Peer Networks 186

13.7.2 Server Based Networks 187

13.7.3 Client／Server Networks 187

13.7.4 Servers 188

New Words and Phrases 188

Computer Terms 189

Grammar名词性从句的翻译 191

Exercises 193

Reference Translation 194

Reading Materials 200

The Future IPv6 200

Chapter14 Internet 202

14.1 The Creation of the Intemet 202

14.2 Today's Internet 202

14.3 Internet Culture 203

14.4 Internet Techonolgy 203

14.4.2 Internet Service Provider 204

14.4.3 Internet Address and Domain 204

14.4.1 How Does Data Travel over the Internet? 204

14.4.4 URL 205

14.5 Connection to the Internet 205

New Words and Phrases 206

Computer Terms 207

Grammar定语从句的翻译 207

Exercises 209

Reference Translation 209

The Difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web 213

Reading Materials 213

Chapter 15 Multimedia 214

15.1 What Is Mulfimedia 214

15.2 Elements of Multimedia 214

15.2.1 Text 214

15.2.2 Audio 214

15.2.3 Graphics Images 215

15.2.4 Animation 215

15.3 Multimedia Equipment 216

15.2.5 Full-motion Video 216

15.4 Multimedia Application 217

New Words and Phrases 218

Computer Terms 219

Grammar状语从句的翻译 219

Exercises 220

Reference Translation 221

Reading Materials 224

Virtual Reality 224

16.1.1 Operator Error 226

Chapter 16 Data Security 226

16.1 What Can Go Wrong? 226

16.1.2 Power Failures,Spikes and Surges 227

16.1.3 Hardware Failure 227

16.2 Viruses and Other Pesky Stuff 228

16.2.1 Computer Viruses 228

16.2.2 Categories of Computer Viruses 228

16.2.3 How You Get Infected 229

16.3 Protecting Yourself 229

New Words and Phrases 230

Grammar长句的翻译 231

Computer Terms 231

Exercises 232

Reference Translation 233

Reading Materials 237

Using Antivirus Software 237

Chapter 17 Electronic Commerce 238

17.1 Historical Development of E-Commerce 238

17.2 Making Money on the Web 239

17.3 What Is B2B E-Commerce? 241

New Words and Phrases 242

17.4 Acceptance of E-Commerce 242

Computer Terms 243

Grammar强调句翻译 243

Exercises 244

Reference Translation 245

Reading Materials 249

Why a Web Site Is Essential 249

Chapter 18 Computer Graphics 250

18.1 What Is Computer Graphics? 250

18.2.1 Bitmap Graphics 251

18.2 Representing Graphics 251

18.2.2 Vector Graphics 252

18.3 Organization of Graphics System 252

18.3.1 The Processor 252

18.3.2 Memory 252

18.3.3 Input Device 252

18.3.4 Output Device 253

18.4 Graphics Software 253

18.5.4 User Interfaces 254

18.5.3 Simulation 254

18.5.2 Design 254

18.5.1 Display of Information 254

18.5 Applications of Computer Graphics 254

New Words and Phrases 255

Computer Terms 255

Grammar专业英语中常用的符号和数学表达式 256

Exercises 257

Reference Translation 258

Reading Materials 262

Powerful OpenGL 262

参考文献 262