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1．Requirements Phase 1

Item 1:Involve Testers from the Beginning 3

Item 2:Verify the Requirements 5

Item 3:Design Test Procedures As Soon As Requirements Are Available 11

Item 4:Ensure That Requirement Changes Are Communicated 15

Item 5:Beware of Developing and Testing Based on an Existing System 19

2．Test Planning 23

Item 6:Understand the Task At Hand and the Related Testing Goal 25

Item 7:Consider the Risks 31

Item 8:Base Testing Efforts on a Prioritized Feature Schedule 39

Item 9:Keep Software Issues in Mind 41

Item 10:Acquire Effective Test Data 43

Item 11:Plan the Test Environment 47

Item 12:Estimate Test Preparation and Execution Time 51

3．The Testing Team 63

Item 13:Define Roles and Responsibilities 65

Item 14:Require a Mixture of Testing Skills,Subject-Matter Expertise,and Experience 75

Item 15:Evaluate the Tester's Effectiveness 79

4．The System Architecture 91

Item 16:Understand the Architecture and Underlying Components 93

Item 17:Verify That the System Supports Testability 97

Item 18:Use Logging to Increase System Testability 99

Item 19:Verify That the System Supports Debug and Release Execution Modes 103

5．Test Design and Documentation 107

Item 20:Divide and Conquer 109

Item 21:Mandate the Use of a Test-Procedure Template and Other Test-Design Standards 115

Item 22:Derive Effective Test Cases from Requirements 121

Item 23:Treat Test Procedures As"Living"Documents 125

Item 24:Utilize System Design and Prototypes 127

Item 25:Use Proven Testing Techniques when Designing Test-Case Scenarios 129

Item 26:Avoid Including Constraints and Detailed Data Elements within Test Procedures 135

Item 27:Apply Exploratory Testing 139

6．Unit Testing 143

Item 28:Structure the Development Approach to Support Effective Unit Testing 145

Item 29:Develop Unit Tests in Parallel or Before the Implementation 151

Item 30:Make Unit-Test Execution Part of the Build Process 155

7．Automated Testing Tools 159

Item 31:Know the Different Types of Testing-Support Tools 161

Item 32:Consider Building a Tool Instead of Buying One 167

Item 33:Know the Impact of Automated Tools on the Testing Effort 171

Item 34:Focus on the Needs of Your Organization 177

Item35:Test the Tools on an Application Prototype 183

8．Automated Testing:Selected Best Practices 185

Item 36:Do Not Rely Solely on Capture/Playback 187

Item 37:Develop a Test Harness When Necessary 191

Item 38:Use Proven Test-Script Development Techniques 197

Item 39:Automate Regression Tests When Feasible 201

Item 40:Implement Automated Builds and Smoke Tests 207

9．Nonfunctional Testing 211

Item 41:Do Not Make Nonfunctional Testing an Afterthought 213

Item 42:Conduct Performance Testing with Production-Sized Databases 217

Item 43:Tailor Usability Tests to the Intended Audience 221

Item 44:Consider All Aspects of Security,for Specific Requirements and System-Wide 225

Item 45:Investigate the System's Implementation To Plan for Concurrency Tests 229

Item 46:Set Up an Efficient Environment for Compatibility Testing 235

10．Managing Test Execution 239

Item 47:Clearly Define the Beginning and End of the Test-Execution Cycle 241

Item 48:Isolate the Test Environment from the Development Environment 245

Item 49:Implement a Defect-Tracking Life Cycle 247

Item 50:Track the Execution of the Testing Program 255