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第一部分 基础化学讲座 3

第1章 化学的本质 3

Homework No.1 8

第2章 作为定量科学和物质科学的化学 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Numbers in Physical Quantities 10

2.3 Units of Measurement 11

2.4 The Dimensional Method and Problem Solving 13

2.5 Atoms and Elements 15

2.6 Atomic Structure：Five Classic Experiments 15

2.7 Nuclear Arithmetic 16

2.8 Kinds of Matter 17

Homework No.2 17

第3章 原子、分子和离子 19

3.1 Atoms and Ions in Combination 19

3.2 Atomic，Molecular and Molar Mass Relationships 22

3.3 Composition of a Chemical Compound，Simplest and Empirical Formulas，and Molecular Formulas 23

Homework No.3 24

第4章 气态 26

4.1 The Nature of Gases 26

4.2 Volume，Pressure and Temperature Relationships 26

4.3 Mass，Molecular and Molar Relationships 27

4.4 Behavior of Gas Molecules 29

Homework No.4 30

第5章 化学反应和化学计算法 32

5.1 Chemical Change：Equations and Types of Reactions 32

5.2 Stoichiometry 35

Homework No.5 38

第6章 热化学 40

6.1 Energy 40

6.2 Heats of Reaction and Other Enthalpy Changes 41

6.3 Measuring Heat 43

Homework No.6 43

第7章 有机化合物和基团的命名 46

7.1 Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 46

7.2 Functional Groups with Covalent Single Bonds 48

7.3 Functional Groups with Covalent Double Bonds 49

Homework No.7 50

第8章 碳水化合物、氨基酸、蛋白质和脂肪 52

8.1 Carbohydrates 52

8.2 Amino Acids and Protein 56

8.3 Fat 61

Homework No.8 63

第9章 聚合反应：由简单分子到高分子 67

9.1 Step-Growth Polymerization and Condensation Polymers 67

9.2 Chain-Growth Polymerization and Addition Polymers 69

Homework No.9 71

第二部分 重要专业术语 75

第10章 无机化学术语 75

第11章 有机化学术语 86

11.1 Hydrocarbons 86

11.2 Hydrocarbons and Energy 86

11.3 Some Introductory Concepts 87

11.4 Organic Compounds and Their Formulas 87

11.5 Organic Chemistry as a Basis for Studying Biochemisty and Synthetic Polymers 89

第12章 物理化学术语 90

第13章 分析化学术语 97

第14章 高分子化学术语 106

14.1 Polymers 106

14.2 Natural Polymers 106

14.3 Polymer Nomenclature 107

14.4 Historical Introduction 109

14.5 Recycling Synthetic Polymers 113

第15章 生物化学术语 116

15.1 Biochemistry 116

15.2 Levels of Structures in Biological Macromolecules 118

15.3 DNA and Proteins:Which Came First in the Life's Chemical Evolution? 122

15.4 The RNA World 124

第16章 环境化学术语 126

16.1 Prologue on Energy and Sustainability 126

16.2 Natural Energy Flows 127

16.3 Crisis of Atmospheric Chemistry 129

16.4 The Chemical Control of Climate：the Global Warmers 130

16.5 Green Chemistry and Development of Green Chemicals and Catalysts 131

第17章 药物化学术语 134

17.1 Scope of Medicinal Chemistry 134

17.2 Basic Medicinal Chemical Terms from IUPAC Recommendations（1998） 135

17.3 Rehabilitation of Old Drugs and Development of New Ones 146

第三部分 化学文献选讲 151

第18章 说明性短文 151

18.1 Laboratory Safety Rules 151

18.2 Keeping Records 152

18.3 Use of a Balance 153

18.4 An Experiment 155

18.5 Molecular Weight of a Substance 156

18.6 Tools of Chemistry：Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 159

18.7 Tools of Chemistry：the Computer 161

第19章 期刊论文 164

19.1 Progesterone from 3-Acetoxybisnor-5-cholenaldehyde and 3-Ketobisnor-4-cholenaldehyde 164

19.2 Exact Shapes of Random Walks in Two Dimensions 166

19.3 Modelling of Molecular Networks with Negative Poisson's Ratios 169

第20章 获奖演说 172

20.1 The Discovery of Crown Ethers by Charles J．Pedersen 172

20.2 Concept and Innovation in Polymer Science by Paul J．Flory 176

20.3 Scientific Research Moves towards the 21 st Century by Sam Edwards 183

第四部分 附录 191

附录A 单位、常数等实用资料 191

Table A.1 Fundamental Constants 191

Table A.2 Commonly Used Prefixes 191

Table A.3 Base Units of the International System of Units 192

Table A.4 Derived Units of the International System of Units 192

Table A.5 Atomic Masses Listed Alphabetically 194

Table A.6 Greek Alphabet 197

Table A.7 List of Audio-Video Material Teaching Basic Chemistry 197

附录B 补充习题与已有习题答案 198

B.1 Additional Homework 198

B.2 Answers to Existing Homework 199

附录C 试题举例 206

C.1 Sample Mid-Term Exam 206

C.2 Sample Final Exam 208

C.3 A Complete Sample Exam with Answers 209

附录D 科技阅读和翻译课文 214

D.1 Selected Speed Reading Texts 214

D.2 Texts for English-to-Chinese Translation 222

D.3 Texts for Chinese-to-English Translation 224

附录E 科技会话常用课文与词汇 228

E.1 Selected Speaking Texts 228

E.2 Useful Words for Scientifically Speaking 236

附录F 基本化学术语总汇及索引 249