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Contents 1

Preface 1

Introduction 2

1．Objectives of this Project 3

2．Beijing Historic Inner City Overview 4

2.1 Geographical Setting 4

2.2 History 5

2.3 Urban Structure 6

City Planning 6

Hutong 8

Various Types of Buildings 9

Area Feature 10

Inner City Feature 10

Outer City Feature 11

2.4 Residential Buildings 12

2.5 Courtyard Houses in Modern Times 13

3．Present State of the Old City 14

3.1 Beijing's Urban Development Over the past 50 years 14

3.2.2 Damage and Development 16

3.2.1 Natural Disasters 16

3.2 Dangers to the Old City 16

3.3 Housing Reform and Weigai System 17

3.4 Present Condition of Remaining Historical Buildings 20

3.5 Management of the Old City 22

4．Social Survey and Conservation Studies 24

4.1 Introduction of the Three Target Areas 24

Zhong-Gulou Area(Bell and Drum Tower area) 25

Yandai Xiejie Area 26

Chaodou Hutong Area 27

4.2 Survey Questions 28

4.3 Survey Results and Analysis 29

a)Occupancy and Ownership 29

a-1．Population 29

a-2．Living Space 29

a-3．Property 30

b)Building Condition 31

b-1．Condition 31

b-1-1．Commnon Structural Problems 31

b-2．Infrastructure and Facilities 32

Waler 32

b-1-2．Present State of Maintenance 32

Sewage 33

Toilets 33

Heating System 34

Extension Buildings 34

Living Space Improvement 35

b-3．Summary ofCommon Problems 36

c)Understanding the Hutong Community 37

Traffic control proposal 39

Analysis of Hutong Community 40

d-1．Conservation 41

d)Resident's Opinions Regarding Conservation and Tourism 41

d-2．Tourism in Hutong 42

4.4 Conclusion of the Survey 44

5．Pilo tProject Plan Rehabilitation of Courtyard House and Community 45

5.1 Aims of Pilot Project 46

5.2 Structural Analysis 46

5.2.1 Historic Background 47

5.2.2 Population and Ownership 47

5.2.3 Space Arrangement 47

5.2.5 Structural Problems 49

5.2.4 Present Facilities 49

5.3 Cooperation between Residents,Officials and Experts 50

5.4 Proposed Plan for Rehabilitation Work 51

5.4.1 Rehabilitation Rebuilding Courtyard no.60 51

5.4.2 Rehabilitation Utility Rooms Case,Courtyard no.58 52

5.4.3 Population AdJustment within the Community 53

5.4.4 Work Required for Rehabilitation 53

5.5 Resident's Direct Participation 54

5.5.2 Maintenance 54

5.5.3 Ownership 54

6.1 Financing the Program 55

6．Applying the Project on a Wider Scale 55

6.2 Government Support 56

6.3 Land-use Control 56

6.4 Publicity 56

7．Conclusion 57

Sources 58

Credits 60

Contact 60

The Authors 61

Acknowledgments 61